Jewish American Security Act

(a) Short title.— This Act may be cited as the “Jewish American Security Act”.

(b) Table of contents.— The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Congress finds the following:

(1) Antisemitism, which is often called “the oldest hatred”, is a serious and growing danger for the Jewish community in the United States and around the world.

(2) Antisemitism has unique characteristics, including the evolving use of conspiracy theories that blame the various ills of society on Jewish people or attribute to Jewish individuals a variety of evil and harmful characteristics, as well as the portrayal of Jewish people as too powerful or controlling and deserving of hatred and mistrust.

(3) Antisemitism also exists when Jewish individuals are held responsible for the policies of the Israeli government, or attacked, disparaged, or demonized based on their real or perceived connection to, affiliation with, or support for, the state of Israel as a Jewish state.

(4) Holocaust denial and distortion, including intentional efforts to excuse or minimize the impact of the Holocaust and dishonor Holocaust victims and survivors, reinforce the need for advancing accurate and comprehensive Holocaust education globally.

(5) Protecting the history of the Holocaust and recognizing and confronting Holocaust denial and distortion are critical to preventing antisemitism.

(6) As stated in the American Jewish Committee’s report entitled “State of Antisemitism in America 2025”, the Committee found that 31 percent of American Jews reported being the personal target of antisemitism at least once over the preceding year.

(7) In 2024, the Federal Bureau of Investigation identified the highest number of anti-Jewish hate crime incidents ever recorded by the Bureau since it began collecting data in 1991, which number represented an annual increase of 5.8 percent in those incidents.

(8) Although Jews only make up around 2 percent of the United States population, reported single-bias anti-Jewish hate crimes comprised 16 percent of all reported hate crimes and nearly 70 percent of all reported religion-based hate crimes in 2024, which percentages reflect increases from prior years.

(9) In 2024, the Anti-Defamation League (referred to in this paragraph as the “ADL”) reported 9,534 antisemitic incidents in the United States, including physical assault, vandalism, and harassment, which is a 344 percent increase over the average number of such incidents during the prior 5 years and an 893 percent increase over the average number of such incidents during the prior 10 years. The 2024 number of antisemitic incidents is the highest number on record since the ADL began tracking antisemitic incidents in 1979.

(10) Jewish Americans have faced an unprecedented rise in antisemitic incidents following the October 7, 2023, Hamas terrorist attacks on Israel.

(11) Increasing antisemitism in the digital universe marked by the amplification of antisemitic harassment, comments, tropes, and violent conspiracies on online platforms, often can lead to increased security risks and additional offline acts of harassment, assault, and vandalism.

(12) On April 13, 2025, on the second day of Passover, an individual set multiple fires at the Pennsylvania Governor’s residence in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, while Governor Josh Shapiro and his family were inside, with the attacker stating that he was upset by the Governor’s stance on the Israel-Hamas war.

(13) On May 21, 2025, a gunman shot and killed 2 Embassy of Israel staff members, Yaron Lischinsky and Sarah Milgrim, as the staff members were leaving an event at the Capital Jewish Museum, in Washington, DC.

(14) On June 1, 2025, a man used a makeshift flamethrower and Molotov cocktails to attack a group in Boulder, Colorado, as the group gathered to express solidarity for hostages being held by Hamas, which injured at least 13 people and resulted in the death of 82-year-old Karen Diamond, a Holocaust survivor.

(15) On January 10, 2026, an attacker set fire to the historic Beth Israel Congregation in Jackson, Mississippi, saying he was animated by its “Jewish ties”.

(16) On March 12, 2026, an individual drove a vehicle containing explosives into Temple Israel in West Bloomfield, Michigan, targeting a synagogue and preschool filled with more than 100 children and staff.

(17) Antisemitic incidents have increased dramatically in many educational settings over the past several years, with many Jewish students facing discrimination or a hostile environment at schools, yet antisemitic incidents in schools remain underreported.

(18) The Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights is tasked with ensuring that all students' civil rights are protected on campus, yet there is a backlog of discrimination complaints that remain pending before the Office for Civil Rights.

(19) On December 11, 2019, President Trump signed Executive Order 13899 (20 U.S.C. 2000d note; relating to combating anti-Semitism) which instructed all executive departments and agencies charged with enforcing title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to consider the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance Working Definition of Antisemitism and its 11 contemporary examples of antisemitism.

(20) On May 25, 2023, the Biden Administration issued the first-ever U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism, which outlined a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to tackle antisemitism and included more than 100 actions for Federal agencies to take and calls to action for Congress.

(21) On January 30, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14188 (90 Fed. Reg. 8847; relating to additional measures to combat antisemitism), to combat the surge of antisemitism on college campuses and in communities in the United States.

(22) While antisemitism most directly and intensely threatens those who identify or are perceived as Jewish Americans, it also undermines democracy and threatens the safety and rights of all Americans.

It is the policy of the United States to—

(1) raise awareness of and educate the United States public about the history of Jewish Americans, the Holocaust, and antisemitism in all of its forms and manifestations;

(2) provide resources to oppose antisemitism; and

(3) implement whole-of-government and whole-of-society efforts to combat antisemitism, including through close and consistent collaboration between the Federal Government, the private sector, civil society, faith leaders, law enforcement, and community leaders.

(a) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Recipient.— The term recipient means any entity receiving Federal financial assistance from the Department of Education for a program or activity covered by title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.).

(2) Secretary.— The term Secretary means the Secretary of Education.

(b) Technical assistance.—

(1) Training.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act and every year thereafter for a period of 5 years, each regional office of the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education shall offer trainings, which may be conducted virtually, to all recipients in the office’s region regarding recipient responsibilities under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsection (g).

(2) Reports.— Not later than 180 days after the first day on which such an office offers such a training, and annually for 5 years thereafter, the Office for Civil Rights shall prepare and submit a report on the status of the implementation of paragraph (1) to the appropriate committees of Congress.

(c) Title VI awareness campaign.—

(1) In general.— The Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights of the Department of Education, shall carry out a public awareness campaign for students that attend institutions that are recipients, regarding the rights protected by, and the responsibilities of recipients under, title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsection (g).

(2) Awareness campaign.— The public awareness campaign shall include appealing visual and auditory elements. Materials for this campaign shall be updated annually and distributed to recipients for physical posting in 1 or more high-traffic public places, such as a cafeteria, gymnasium, or student center, and digital posting on 1 or more high-traffic institution web pages, such as a web page for a student services department. The campaign shall utilize such methods and materials to maximize accessibility to students and parents.

(3) Ability to contract.— The Secretary may carry out this subsection by contracting with an entity that specializes in public awareness communications.

(d) Written reminder of title VI obligations.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act and every year thereafter for a period of 5 years, the Secretary, acting through the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights of the Department of Education shall issue a written reminder to recipients including—

(1) a summary of a recipient’s responsibilities under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsection (g) to address antisemitism; and

(2) specific examples of discrimination, including examples of different treatment and harassment, and of K–12 curricula that could create a hostile environment for Jewish students.

(e) Antisemitism coordinator.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Education shall designate an employee to coordinate the Department of Education’s work on countering antisemitism as the “antisemitism coordinator”. The antisemitism coordinator for the Department of Education shall—

(1) serve as the principal advisor to the Secretary on the Department’s efforts to counter antisemitism;

(2) oversee the Department’s efforts to counter antisemitism, including implementation of Federal Government strategies to counter antisemitism and increase public awareness of the availability of rights provided to individuals under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.);

(3) oversee the Department’s efforts to provide technical assistance, training, and written guidance, including Dear Colleague Letters, to recipients regarding their responsibilities under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and subsection (g) to provide to all students, including those who are or are perceived to be Jewish, a school environment free from discrimination based on race, color, or national origin, including shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics;

(4) ensure that the public is provided with information about how and where to file complaints of discrimination regarding antisemitism with the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education;

(5) conduct biannual reviews of the nature, trends, and status of all complaints, directed investigations, and compliance reviews regarding antisemitism under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 pending at the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education and, in conjunction with the relevant regional office, develop a plan with deadlines to resolve all such complaints that have been pending for more than 180 calendar days;

(6) conduct an annual review, which will be conducted for a period of 10 years, of the implementation of the Department’s strategies to counter antisemitism, which review shall include—

(A) an evaluation of the effectiveness of all actions taken by the Department to counter antisemitism; and

(B) recommendations for any changes to those actions, as necessary; and

(7) ensure the Department has programs, including training, and resources to assist the Department’s employees in understanding and responding to antisemitism.

(f) Disaggregating certain campus crime data.— Section 485(f) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(f)) (known as the “Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act”) is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)(F)(ii), by striking “according to category of prejudice” and inserting “based on the bias category and bias motivation as used in the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation”;

(2) in paragraph (5)—

(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and”;

(B) in subparagraph (C) by striking the period and inserting “; and”; and

(C) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:

“(D) make copies of the crime statistics submitted to the Secretary under clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(F) available to the antisemitism coordinators for the Department of Education.”; and

(3) in paragraph (17)(B), by striking “and stalking” and inserting “stalking, and crimes described in clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(F)”.

(g) Recipient responsibilities.—

(1) Designation of a title VI coordinator.—

(A) In general.— Each recipient shall designate and authorize at least 1 employee (referred to in this section as a “title VI coordinator”) to coordinate the recipient’s efforts to comply with the recipient’s responsibilities under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.), including regulations implementing that title, and under this subsection. If a recipient has more than 1 title VI coordinator, the recipient shall designate 1 of its title VI coordinators to assume and maintain ultimate oversight over those responsibilities and ensure the recipient’s consistent compliance with those responsibilities. The title VI coordinator may perform other relevant responsibilities as established by the recipient.

(B) Delegation to designees.— As appropriate, subject to subparagraph (A), a recipient may delegate, or permit a title VI coordinator to delegate, specific responsibilities described in subparagraph (A) to 1 or more designees.

(C) Training.— Each recipient shall ensure its title VI coordinator and any designee receive training sufficient to perform their duties—

(i) promptly after their hire or a change of position that alters their duties under this paragraph; and

(ii) annually thereafter.

(2) Nondiscrimination policy requirement.— Each recipient shall adopt and implement a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of race, color, and national origin in any program or activity the recipient operates, as required by title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, including regulations implementing that title, and by this subsection.

(3) Title VI grievance procedure.— Each recipient shall adopt, publish, and implement a title VI grievance procedure that—

(A) states—

(i) that anyone may report conduct, alleged to be discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.) in the recipient’s program or activity, to the title VI coordinator;

(ii) how to report such conduct; and

(iii) the contact information for the title VI coordinator of the recipient;

(B) requires that when the recipient receives a report of conduct that reasonably may constitute discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in the recipient’s program or activity, the recipient shall notify the person who submitted the report of the recipient’s grievance procedure;

(C) offers supportive measures, as appropriate to protect safety or to restore or preserve access to the recipient’s program or activity, to any student or employee who reports conduct that reasonably may constitute discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in the recipient’s program or activity;

(D) includes a process for the recipient to investigate and resolve any report of conduct that reasonably may constitute discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, in the recipient’s program or activity;

(E) applies to reports of conduct that is alleged to be discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and is committed by the recipient, a student or an employee of the recipient, or a third party, whether known or unknown;

(F) requires that if conduct occurred that is discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the recipient will take steps to stop the conduct, prevent its recurrence, and correct its discriminatory effects; and

(G) requires that the recipient provides notice of the outcome of any report under this paragraph to the person who made the report and any other affected person or entity, as appropriate.

(4) Website requirement.— Each recipient shall post all policies and procedures for reporting allegations of discrimination, under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, by the recipient on the recipient’s website in a prominent location.

(5) Notification requirement.— Each recipient shall provide annual notice of the recipient’s grievance procedure, described in this subsection, to—

(A) all students of the recipient;

(B) parents, guardians, or other authorized legal representatives of elementary school and secondary school students of the recipient;

(C) employees of the recipient;

(D) applicants for admission to or employment by the recipient; and

(E) all unions and professional organizations holding collective bargaining or professional agreements with the recipient.

(6) Recordkeeping requirement.— Each recipient shall maintain for a period of 7 years—

(A) records related to any reports of allegations of discrimination under title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d et seq.), including regulations implementing that title, including all records related to assessments of such reports, and any corrective actions taken;

(B) records documenting actions the recipient took to meet its responsibilities under that title VI and this subsection; and

(C) any records of training attendance and materials relating to that title.

(h) Title VI clearinghouse at Department of Education.—

(1) Establishment.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Education shall establish, within the Department of Education, a Federal Title VI Clearinghouse on Safety, Security, and Best Practices at Institutions of Higher Education and K–12 schools (referred to in this subsection as the “clearinghouse”).

(B) Purpose.— The clearinghouse shall be the primary resource of the Federal Government to collect, consolidate, and publish online title VI best practices and recommendations from United States postsecondary institutions and other entities specified in paragraph (2)(A) of section 606 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000d–4a) relating to safety, security, and means of facilitating dialogue and mutual understanding.

(2) Notification of the clearinghouse.— Not later 30 days of the establishment of the clearinghouse, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate and the Committee on Education and Workforce of the House of Representatives a notification and a briefing on the clearinghouse.

(a) Nonprofit Security Grant Program.— Section 2009 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 609a) is amended—

(1) in subsection (c)—

(A) in paragraph (1)(D), by striking “5 percent” and inserting “10 percent”; and

(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “5 percent” and inserting “10 percent”;

(2) in subsection (e), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “for each of fiscal years 2022 through 2028” and inserting “for each fiscal year for which there is an authorization of appropriations under subsection (j)”;

(3) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection (j);

(4) by inserting after subsection (h) the following:

“(i) Sufficient personnel and resources.—

(1) Personnel and resources.— The Administrator, in coordination with the Director of the Center for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships of the Department of Homeland Security, shall ensure that the Federal Emergency Management Agency has sufficient personnel and resources to carry out this section, including to support—

(A) efforts to streamline the application process and post-approval process for a grant under the Program;

(B) the increase of technical assistance to applicants for awards under the Program; and

(C) the swift disbursement of amounts from a grant under the Program.

(2) Coordination with States.—

(A) In general.— Subject to subparagraph (B), the Administrator shall coordinate with each State through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under the Program to ensure that, not later than 90 days after the date on which an eligible nonprofit organization submits a reimbursement request to the State, the State reviews, processes, and completes that request.

(B) Exception.— The requirement under subparagraph (A) shall not apply if a reimbursement request requires additional documentation under Federal or State law.

(3) Notices of funding opportunity.— The Administrator shall coordinate with each State through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under the Program to ensure that—

(A) not later than 90 days after the date on which Congress appropriates amounts to carry out this section, the Administrator clearly posts on any required portal a notice of funding opportunity; and

(B) not earlier than the date on which the Administrator posts a notice of funding opportunity described in subparagraph (A), the State notifies eligible nonprofit organizations within the State regarding the notice of funding opportunity and the timeline to submit applications.

(4) Use of funds for security personnel.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Administrator shall issue guidance to each State through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under the Program that—

(i) subject to subparagraph (B), prohibits the imposition of limits or percentage caps on the use of amounts from a grant under the Program for contracted or proprietary security personnel; and

(ii) ensures that the State determines allowable security personnel costs based on threat, vulnerability, and risk assessments.

(B) Prevention of misuse and fraud.— The guidance issued under subparagraph (A) may allow limits or percentage caps on the use of amounts from a grant under the Program to prevent misuse or fraud.

(5) Clarification.— Uses of amounts from a grant under this program may include employing personnel, grant management, procurement support, and financial and audit support.

(6) Reporting on personnel and resource allocation.— Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall submit to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report on the personnel and resources assigned to carry out this section that includes—

(A) the number of full-time equivalent employees dedicated to carrying out the Program, including employees funded through the Israel Security Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2024 (Public Law 118–50; 138 Stat. 896) or any subsequent appropriations Act;

(B) a description of how that personnel are deployed to support applicants and grantees of the Program;

(C) an assessment of whether staffing levels are sufficient to meet statutory obligations under this section; and

(D) an assessment of whether each State through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under the Program is in compliance with paragraph (3).

(7) Pre-award congressional notification.— Not later than 7 days before making a public announcement or distribution of awards under this section, the Administrator shall provide to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report that includes a list of recipients of grants under the Program and award amounts.

(8) Publicly available information.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, and annually thereafter, the Administrator shall make publicly available information relating to, with respect to the previous fiscal year—

(i) the number of applications received for a grant under this section;

(ii) the number of grants awarded under this section;

(iii) the number of eligible nonprofit organizations that applied for a grant under this section and did not receive the grant; and

(iv) the criteria and scoring methodology used to evaluate applications for grants under this section, including any changes made from the prior fiscal year.

(B) Limitation.— In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Administrator may not make public any identifying information of applicants for or recipients of grants under this section.

(9) Neutral administration.—

(A) In general.— The Administrator shall administer the Program in a nondiscriminatory manner.

(B) Prohibition.— The Administrator and any State through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under this section may not impose eligibility terms or conditions on applicants, recipients, or beneficiaries of the grant that would advantage or disadvantage those applicants, recipients, or beneficiaries based solely on the religious, political, or ideological affiliation of the applicants, recipients, or beneficiaries.

(C) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of the Administrator to ensure compliance with Federal civil rights laws, nondiscrimination statutes, or national security vetting requirements.

(10) Review of allowable costs.—

(A) In general.— Not less than frequently than annually, the Administrator, in consultation with recipients of grants under this section, nonprofit organizations, security professionals, and States through which an eligible nonprofit organization receives a grant under this section, shall review and, as necessary, update the Eligible Equipment List of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to reflect up-to-date threats, security risks, technology advancements, and community needs.

(B) Public availability.— Not later than 30 days after the date on which a review is carried out under subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall publish on the website of the Federal Emergency Management Agency the review and any updated list resulting from the review.”; and

(5) in subsection (j), as so redesignated—

(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “$360,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2023 through 2028” and inserting “$1,000,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031”;

(B) in subparagraph (A), by striking “$180,000,000” and inserting “$500,000,000”; and

(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking “$180,000,000” and inserting “$500,000,000”.

(b) Policing support to houses of worship.—

(1) In general.— The Attorney General shall collaborate with State and local law enforcement agencies seeking to—

(A) enhance security measures for at-risk religious institutions as a result of increased acts and threats of violence against houses of worship; and

(B) address the precipitous increase in hate crimes targeting individuals on the basis of religion.

(2) Grants.— The Attorney General may award grants to State and local law enforcement agencies to—

(A) support increased policing presence, patrols, and training; and

(B) provide other forms of assistance.

(3) Authorization of appropriations.— During each of fiscal years 2027 through 2031, the Attorney General may use such sums as may be necessary out of the amounts reserved pursuant to section 506(b) of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (34 U.S.C. 10157(b)) to carry out this subsection.

(c) Threat assessments.—

(1) Joint annual domestic threat assessment.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center shall jointly produce an annual threat assessment of antisemitic violent domestic extremism in the United States.

(B) Contents.— The joint annual domestic threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) shall include, for the period covered by the report—

(i) an overview of violent extremist ideologies that include antisemitic components;

(ii) a review of the extent that actors in the United States have engaged in violent conduct in furtherance of the ideologies described in clause (i);

(iii) the origins and online platforming and online activity or presence of antisemitic domestic violent extremist ideologies, groups, and individuals, including any evidence of—

(I) inauthentic amplification, such as bots or algorithmic manipulation campaigns; and

(II) the involvement of foreign state and non-state actors; and

(iv) an assessment of the threat that antisemitic domestic violent extremism poses to the United States homeland.

(C) Dissemination.—

(i) In general.— The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center shall submit the joint annual domestic threat assessment required under subparagraph (A), including any classified annexes, to—

(I) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(II) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(III) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(IV) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(V) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives;

(VI) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(VII) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and

(VIII) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(ii) Declassified version.— The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall make publicly available a declassified version of the joint annual domestic threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) on the public website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation concurrently with the version submitted under subparagraph (A).

(D) Limitation.— No version of the domestic threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) shall include personally identifiable information.

(2) Joint annual threat assessment of antisemitic transnational violent extremism.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the date that is 10 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center shall jointly produce an annual threat assessment of antisemitic transnational violent extremism.

(B) Contents.— The joint annual transnational threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) shall include, for the period covered by the report—

(i) an overview of transnational violent extremist ideologies that include antisemitic components, including international and domestic extremism;

(ii) a review of the extent to which actors in the United States have engaged in violent conduct in furtherance of the ideologies described in clause (i);

(iii) the origins and online platforming or online activity of antisemitic transnational violent extremist ideologies, including any evidence of inauthentic amplification on digital platforms, such as bots or campaigns, and any involvement of foreign state and non-state actors;

(iv) an assessment of the threat that antisemitic transnational violent extremism poses to the United States homeland, United States citizens abroad, and United States military personnel; and

(v) an overview of how antisemitic transnational violent extremism impacts the interests and the global standing of the United States.

(C) Dissemination.—

(i) In general.— The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the National Counterterrorism Center shall submit the joint annual transnational threat assessment required under subparagraph (A), including any classified annexes, to—

(I) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(II) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(III) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(IV) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(V) the Committee of Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(VI) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives;

(VII) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(VIII) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives;

(IX) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and

(X) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(ii) Declassified version.— The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall make publicly available a declassified version of the joint annual transitional threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) on the public website of the Federal Bureau of Investigation concurrently with the version submitted under subparagraph (A).

(D) Limitation.— No version of the domestic threat assessment required under subparagraph (A) shall include personally identifiable information.

(a) Online platform transparency reports.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter, an online platform shall submit to the Commission and publish in a publicly available and easily accessible manner a transparency report regarding the online platform's content moderation practices and efforts to detect, remove, limit the visibility of, and prevent the amplification of antisemitic content on the website or application of the online platform.

(2) Requirements.— Each transparency report submitted and published in accordance with paragraph (1) shall include the following information:

(A) A description of each safety mechanism in place on the website or application of the online platform, including—

(i) the use of any automated system or human review; and

(ii) with respect to a human reviewer, a summary of the scope and training related to reviewing and making content removal decisions.

(B) A description of the practices or tools used to make content moderation efforts against extremist antisemitism more effective.

(C) What, if any, information is shared with law enforcement when there is evidence of extremist antisemitic calls or threats to violence on the website or application of the online platform.

(D) What, if any, changes to content moderation policies or management are made in the wake of antisemitic violence and extremist attacks and how long such changes remain in place.

(E) The total number of instances during the reporting period that content on the website or application of the online platform was determined to be violative by the online platform because such content was identity-based hatred or harassment, including the amount of such content that was violative as antisemitic (in this subsection referred to as “antisemitic platform content”).

(F) The amount of antisemitic platform content for which the online platform took a responsive action, including the amount with respect to each category of responsive action (such as removal, demonetization, or deprioritizing or limiting the viewing capacity of such content).

(G) Out of the total amount of antisemitic platform content that was removed, the percentage of such content that had more than 100 views.

(H) The percentage breakdown and prevalence of which specific digital policies or community guidelines were violated with respect to the antisemitic platform content that was subject to a responsive action.

(I) The percentage and total amount of antisemitic platform content that was promoted, suggested, amplified, or shared by an online platform’s recommendation algorithm.

(J) An estimate of the amount of content that violates the content policies of the online platform, but remains on the website or application of the online platform.

(K) A description of how any changes in enforcement policies, processes, or technologies implemented during the reporting period have impacted the amount of antisemitic platform content that remains on the website or application of the online platform.

(L) The total number of accounts suspended or removed for violating the online platform's policies related to antisemitism, including the number of such accounts that were—

(i) inauthentic or bot accounts;

(ii) identified to be associated with foreign terrorist organizations;

(iii) identified to be associated with unverifiable or inconsistent geolocation patterns; or

(iv) an account that meets 2 of the criteria described in clauses (i), (ii), or (iii).

(M) The amount of antisemitic platform content and corresponding engagement metrics, including views, likes, shares, and comments generated by an account described in subparagraph (L) prior to the suspension or removal of such account.

(3) Enforcement by the Commission.—

(A) Unfair or deceptive acts or practices.— A violation of this section or a regulation promulgated under this section shall be treated as a violation of a rule defining an unfair or deceptive act or practice prescribed under section 18(a)(1)(B) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 57a(a)(1)(B)).

(B) Powers of the Commission.—

(i) In general.— The Commission shall enforce this section and any regulation promulgated under this section in the same manner, by the same means, and with the same jurisdiction, powers, and duties as though all applicable terms and provisions of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.) were incorporated into and made a part of this section.

(ii) Privileges and immunities.— Any person who violates this section or any regulation promulgated under this section shall be subject to the penalties and entitled to the privileges and immunities provided in the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.).

(iii) Authority preserved.— Nothing in this Act shall be construed to limit the authority of the Commission under any other provision of law.

(iv) Rulemaking.— The Commission shall promulgate in accordance with section 553 of title 5, United States Code, such rules as may be necessary to carry out this section.

(4) Definitions.— In this subsection:

(A) Commission.— The term Commission means the Federal Trade Commission.

(B) Online platform.— The term online platform means any entity subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission under section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 45(a)(2)) that—

(i) operates a website, desktop application, augmented or virtual reality application, or mobile application that—

(I) permits a person to become a registered user, establish an account, or create a profile for the purpose of allowing the user to create, share, listen to, or view user-generated content through such an account or profile;

(II) enables 1 or more users to generate content that can be listened to or viewed by other users of the online platform; and

(III) primarily serves as a medium for users to interact with content generated by other users of the online platform and for the online platform to deliver ads to users; and

(ii) has at least 50,000,000 unique monthly users in the United States for a majority of the months in the most recent 12-month period.

(b) Reports relating to antisemitic content.—

(1) Reports.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that includes—

(A) trend data regarding online antisemitic content that has been linked to offline antisemitic violence; and

(B) recommendations relating to Federal policies and transparency requirements that may be adopted and actions that may be taken by online platforms to prevent antisemitism online from turning into real-world violence.

(2) Appropriate congressional committees defined.— For purposes of this subsection, the term appropriate congressional committees means—

(A) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate;

(C) the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate;

(D) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(E) the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives;

(F) the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives;

(G) the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives; and

(H) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.

(c) Severability.— If any provision or phrase of this section, or the application of any provision or phrase of this section to any person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional or otherwise invalid, the remainder of this section, and the application of the provisions and phrases of this section to any other person or circumstance, shall not be affected.