National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026

To the maximum extent practicable, the Secretary of Defense shall use existing hypersonic testing facilities or hypersonic testing facilities currently undergoing refurbishment, including those owned by other departments and agencies, for testing related to the development of hypersonic systems.

The text of section 223 is hereby deemed to read as follows:

“5223. Evaluation of additional test corridors for hypersonic and long-range weapons.—

(a) Evaluation required.— To assess impact effectiveness and increase the cadence of testing and training for long-range and hypersonic systems, the Secretary of Defense shall, acting through the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering and the Director of the Test Resource Management Center and in consultation with requirements owners of long-range and hypersonic systems of the Armed Forces, evaluate—

(1) the comparative advantages of episodic and permanent special activity airspace designated by the Federal Aviation Administration for use by the Department of Defense suitable for the test and training of long-range and hypersonic systems;

(2) requirements for continental test ranges, including—

(A) attributes, including live, virtual, and constructive capabilities;

(B) scheduling and availability;

(C) safety;

(D) end strength;

(E) facilities, infrastructure, radar, and related systems;

(F) launch locations including—

(i) Bearpaw Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace, Montana;

(ii) Mountain Home Range Complex, Idaho;

(iii) Fallon Range Training Complex, Nevada;

(iv) Utah Test and Training Range, Utah;

(v) Nevada Test and Training Range, Nevada;

(vi) Green River Test Complex, Utah; and

(vii) White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico;

(G) impact areas within the White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico; and

(H) such other characteristics as the Secretary considers appropriate; and

(3) potential enhancements to existing National Aeronautics and Space Administration facilities needed to enable use of these facilities by the Department of Defense for testing and research of hypersonic systems.

(b) Briefing.— Not later than December 1, 2026, the Secretary shall provide to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a briefing on the findings of the Secretary with respect to the evaluation conducted pursuant to subsection (a), including an assessment of the completion date.

(c) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) The term impact area means the point at which a test terminates.

(2) The term launch location means the point from which a test is initiated.”.

(a) In general.— Not later than February 1, 2026, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on the progress and strategy of the Department of Defense for accelerating adoption of graphite oxide-based firefighting foams.

(b) Elements.— The report required by subsection (a) shall include the following:

(1) A summary of current testing, evaluation, and certification efforts for graphite oxide-based firefighting foams, including performance data and environmental assessments.

(2) An identification of any remaining technical, regulatory, or logistical barriers to full-scale adoption of such foams, along with proposed mitigation strategies.

(3) A timeline for the phased replacement throughout the Department of firefighting foams containing perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substances with graphite oxide-based alternatives.

(4) A description of interagency coordination and partnerships with industry and academia to ensure such foams meet relevant safety, operational, and environmental standards for military use.

(a) Authorities relating to reserve forces.— Section 910(g) of title 37, United States Code, relating to income replacement payments for reserve component members experiencing extended and frequent mobilization for active duty service, is amended by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”.

(b) Title 10 authorities relating to health care professionals.— The following sections of title 10, United States Code, are amended by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”:

(1) Section 2130a(a)(1), relating to nurse officer candidate accession program.

(2) Section 16302(d), relating to repayment of education loans for certain health professionals who serve in the Selected Reserve.

(c) Authorities relating to nuclear officers.— Section 333(i) of title 37, United States Code, is amended by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”.

(d) Authorities relating to title 37 consolidated special pay, incentive pay, and bonus authorities.— The following sections of title 37, United States Code, are amended by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”:

(1) Section 331(h), relating to general bonus authority for enlisted members.

(2) Section 332(g), relating to general bonus authority for officers.

(3) Section 334(i), relating to special aviation incentive pay and bonus authorities for officers.

(4) Section 335(k), relating to special bonus and incentive pay authorities for officers in health professions.

(5) Section 336(g), relating to contracting bonus for cadets and midshipmen enrolled in the Senior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps.

(6) Section 351(h), relating to hazardous duty pay.

(7) Section 352(g), relating to assignment pay or special duty pay.

(8) Section 353(i), relating to skill incentive pay or proficiency bonus.

(9) Section 355(h), relating to retention incentives for members qualified in critical military skills or assigned to high priority units.

(e) Authority to provide temporary increase in rates of basic allowance for housing.— Section 403(b) of title 37, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (7)(E), relating to an area covered by a major disaster declaration or containing an installation experiencing an influx of military personnel, by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”; and

(2) in paragraph (8)(C), relating to an area where actual housing costs differ from current rates by more than 20 percent, by striking “December 31, 2025” and inserting “December 31, 2026”.

(a) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) members of the Armed Forces and their families deserve access to affordable and healthy food options, including during their duty day;

(2) there has been increased awareness about the challenges members and their families face in accessing affordable and healthy food options;

(3) those challenges have been especially acute for unaccompanied junior enlisted members who live in government-provided quarters on military installations; and

(4) the Department of Defense should explore a variety of proposals for expanding the accessibility of healthy and affordable food options to members, especially members who live in unaccompanied housing on military installations.

(b) Pilot program.—

(1) In general.— The Secretary of Defense may conduct a pilot program to assess the efficacy of providing junior enlisted members of the Armed Forces a monthly coupon for use in procuring food at commissaries.

(2) Selection of installations.—

(A) In general.— The Secretary may conduct the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1) at 2 military installations.

(B) Considerations.— In selecting installations for the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1), the Secretary shall consider installations with—

(i) large numbers of enlisted members who live in unaccompanied housing;

(ii) the largest ratios of enlisted members to commissioned officers;

(iii) unaccompanied housing that provides access to functioning kitchens that residents may use to prepare meals;

(iv) commissaries that are experimenting with or expanding their selection of nutritious and minimally processed ready-made and easy-to-make food options;

(v) low rates of attendance at dining facilities;

(vi) low customer satisfaction ratings for dining facilities, including installations with complaints about dining facilities submitted through the Interactive Customer Evaluation system of the Department of Defense; and

(vii) commissaries located within easily accessible distances from unaccompanied housing.

(3) Coupons.—

(A) Amount.— The Secretary may determine the amount of the coupons to be provided under the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1).

(B) Use.—

(i) In general.— A coupon provided under the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1) may be used only to purchase food at commissaries.

(ii) Exclusions.— A coupon provided under the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1) may not be used—

(I) to purchase alcoholic beverages or tobacco; or

(II) to pay any deposit fee in excess of the amount of the State fee reimbursement (if any) required to purchase any food or food product contained in a returnable bottle or can, without regard to whether the fee is included in the shelf price posted for the food or food product.

(C) Supplement to other food assistance.— A coupon provided to a member under the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1) shall be supplement and not supplant—

(i) the basic allowance for subsistence under section 402 of title 37, United States Code; and

(ii) any program to provide meals or rations in kind for which the member is eligible.

(4) Duration of pilot program.— The pilot program authorized by paragraph (1) shall terminate not later than one year after the pilot program commences.

(5) Report required.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 90 days after the termination under paragraph (4) of the pilot program authorized by paragraph (1), the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report detailing the results of the pilot program.

(B) Elements.— The report required by subparagraph (A) shall include an assessment of the following:

(i) The use of coupons by members who received coupons under the pilot program.

(ii) The satisfaction of and feedback from such members relating to the coupons.

(iii) The impact of providing the coupons on—

(I) the rates at which such members used commissaries; and

(II) the rates at which such members used dining facilities on their installations.

(iv) Historical rates of use of dining facilities on installations and historical customer satisfaction metrics for such facilities, including the number of complaints with respect to such facilities submitted through the Interactive Customer Evaluation system of the Department of Defense.

(v) The efficacy of the pilot program in—

(I) reducing food insecurity rates among junior enlisted members;

(II) increasing the availability of nutritious food options for such members at commissaries; and

(III) increasing the availability of nutritious food options for such members generally, including such members living in unaccompanied housing.

(c) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Coupon.— The term coupon means a voucher or monetary benefit for a member of the Armed Forces that may be used only at a commissary for the purchase of food.

(2) Food.— The term food means any food or food product intended for home consumption, including a ready-made food item.

(a) In general.— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on how the use of other transaction agreements can expedite development of medical prototypes for assessment by end-user communities to address capability gaps in medical research by leveraging subject matter expertise, infrastructure, and resources to include developing, testing, and fielding prototype technologies and solutions for the military health system.

(b) Elements.— The briefing required under subsection (a) shall include an update on the following:

(1) Current medical research and development efforts to support the health and readiness of members of the Armed Forces.

(2) Efforts of the Department of Defense to establish partnerships with small businesses, academic institutions, and industry to facilitate the advancement of medical concepts and prototypes to protect, treat, and optimize health, performance, and survivability of members of the Armed Forces.

(3) How the Department is addressing critical gaps in combat casualty care, including trauma care delivery, musculoskeletal injury, and wound management.

Not later than December 1, 2026, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives a report containing recommendations on how to integrate lifestyle and performance medicine and behaviors (such as diet, exercise, and sleep) throughout the Department of Defense to support the health and military readiness of members of the Armed Forces.

(a) In general.— The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with Secretary of Veterans Affairs, shall evaluate—

(1) the results of completed research related to menopause, perimenopause, or mid-life women’s health among women who are members of the uniformed services or veterans;

(2) the status of such research that is ongoing;

(3) any gaps in knowledge and research on—

(A) treatments for menopause-related symptoms, including hormone and non-hormone treatments;

(B) the safety and effectiveness of treatments for menopause-related symptoms;

(C) the relation of service in the uniformed services to perimenopause and menopause and the impact of such service on perimenopause and menopause; and

(D) the impact of perimenopause and menopause on the mental health of women who are members of the uniformed services or veterans;

(4) the availability of and uptake of professional training resources for covered providers relating to mid-life women’s health with respect to the care, treatment, and management of perimenopause and menopausal symptoms, and related support services; and

(5) the availability of and uptake of treatments for women who are members of the uniformed services or veterans who are experiencing perimenopause or menopause.

(b) Report; strategic plan.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall each submit to Congress a report containing—

(1) the findings of the evaluation conducted under subsection (a);

(2) recommendations for improving professional training resources described in subsection (a)(4) for covered providers; and

(3) a strategic plan that—

(A) resolves the gaps in knowledge and research identified in the report; and

(B) identifies topics in need of further research relating to potential treatments for menopause-related symptoms of women who are members of the uniformed services or veterans.

(c) Nonduplication and supplementation of efforts.— In carrying out activities under this section, the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs shall ensure that such activities minimize duplication and supplement, not supplant, existing information-sharing efforts of the Department of Health and Human Services.

(d) Sense of Congress on additional research related to menopause, perimenopause, or mid-life women’s health.— It is the sense of Congress that the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Affairs should each conduct research related to menopause, perimenopause, or mid-life health regarding women who are members of the uniformed services or veterans.

(e) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Covered provider.— The term covered provider means a health care provider employed by the Department of Defense or the Department of Veterans Affairs.

(2) Menopause.— The termmenopause means the stage of a woman’s life—

(A) when menstrual periods stop permanently and she can no longer get pregnant; and

(B) that is not a disease state, but a normal part of aging for women.

(3) Mid-life.— The termmid-life means a life stage that—

(A) coincides with the menopausal transition in women, which may be physical or emotional;

(B) encompasses the late reproductive age, which can begin at approximately 35 years of age, to the late postmenopausal stages of reproductive aging, which can extend to approximately 65 years of age; and

(C) often marks the onset of many chronic diseases.

(4) Perimenopause.— The term perimenopause means the time during a woman's life when levels of the hormone estrogen fall unevenly in a woman’s body and is also called the menopausal transition.

(5) Postmenopausal.— The term postmenopausal means the stage of a woman's life after a woman has been without a menstrual period for 12 months that lasts for the rest of a woman’s life and reflects a time when women are at increased risk for osteoporosis and heart disease.

The text of section 868 is hereby deemed to read as follows:

“868. Repeals of existing law to streamline the defense acquisition process.— The following provisions are hereby repealed:

(1) Section 3070 of title 10, United States Code.

(2) Section 874 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3101).

(3) Section 810 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3101).

(4) Section 3106 of title 10, United States Code.

(5) Section 8688 of title 10, United States Code.

(6) Subsections (a)–(c) of section 804 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 122 Stat. 4356).

(7) Section 822 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996 (Public Law 104–106; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3201).

(8) Section 892 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. 3201 note).

(9) Section 805 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108–136; 10 U.S.C. 3201 note).

(10) Section 802 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. 3206 note).

(11) Section 3208 of title 10, United States Code.

(12) Section 852 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(13) Subsections (a)–(f) of section 866 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(14) Section 143 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(15) Section 254 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(16) Section 886 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(17) Section 851 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public Law 108–375; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(18) Section 314 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(19) Section 826 of the Floyd D. Spence National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2001 (Public Law 106–398; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(20) Section 806 of the Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1999 (Public Law 105–261; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3241).

(21) Section 368 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (Public Law 112–81; 10 U.S.C. 3303 note).

(22) Section 875 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3344 ).

(23) Section 816 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3344).

(24) Section 3373 of title 10, United States Code.

(25) Section 883 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; 10 U.S.C. 3372 note).

(26) Section 3455 of title 10, United States Code.

(27) Section 3678 of title 10, United States Code.

(28) Section 133 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 10 U.S.C. 3678 note).

(29) Section 891 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 3804 note).

(30) Section 380 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note).

(31) Section 1056 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note).

(32) Section 1603 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113–66; 10 U.S.C. 4007 note).

(33) Section 1089 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 4025 note).

(34) Section 812 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 (Public Law 106–65; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4061).

(35) Section 235 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 4126 note).

(36) Section 252 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4141).

(37) Section 1043 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 10 U.S.C. 4174 note).

(38) Section 828 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4201).

(39) Section 1252 of the Defense Procurement Reform Act of 1984 (Public Law 98–525; 10 U.S.C. 4205 note).

(40) Section 812 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4211).

(41) Section 806 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4211).

(42) Section 818 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4231).

(43) Section 802(d)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. 4251 note).

(44) Section 4271 of title 10, United States Code.

(45) Section 814 of the Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009 (Public Law 110–417; 10 U.S.C. 4271 note).

(46) Section 925(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (Public Law 114–328; 10 U.S.C. 4271 note).

(47) Section 812 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 10 U.S.C. 4325 note).

(48) Section 4423 of title 10, United States Code.

(49) Section 831(b) of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4501).

(50) Section 863(a)–(h) of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4501).

(51) Section 832 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109–364; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4501).

(52) Section 883(e) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4571).

(53) Section 938 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113–66; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4571).

(54) Section 1272 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(55) Section 2867 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 (Public Law 112–81; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(56) Section 215 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(57) Section 881 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(58) Section 804 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 (Public Law 107–314; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(59) Chapter 345 of title 10, United States Code.

(60) Section 378 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022 (Public Law 117–81; 10 U.S.C. 113 note).

(61) Section 846(a) of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 4811 note).

(62) Section 932 of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. 2224 note).

(63) Section 849 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018 (Public Law 115–91; 131 Stat. 1487).

(64) Section 804 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010 (Public Law 111–84; 123 Stat. 2402).

(65) Section 881 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4601).

(66) Section 802 of the Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2005 (Public Law 108–375; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3062).

(67) Section 913 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1986 (Public Law 99–145; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3201).

(68) Section 821 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3451).

(69) Section 824(a) of the Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011 (Public Law 111–383; 10 U.S.C. 3774 note).

(70) Section 805 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 3451).

(71) Section 844(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2016 (Public Law 114–92; 10 U.S.C. 3453 note).

(72) Section 238(b) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. 4841 note).

(73) Subtitle D of title II of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 (Public Law 109–163; 119 Stat. 3175).

(74) Section 214 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008 (Public Law 110–181; 10 U.S.C. 4841 note).

(75) Section 218 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 10 U.S.C. 8013 note).

(76) Section 229 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note).

(77) Section 232 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. 4001 note).

(78) Section 222 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4014 note).

(79) Section 230 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4061).

(80) Section 843 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4171).

(81) Section 938 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113–66; 10 U.S.C. note prec. 4571).

(82) Section 1651 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(83) Section 1064 of the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 (Public Law 115–232; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).

(84) Section 854 of the Carl Levin and Howard P. “Buck” McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015 (Public Law 113–291; 10 U.S.C. 4571 note).”.

The text of section 874 is hereby deemed to read as follows:

“874. Duty-free entry of supplies procured by Department of Defense.— The Secretary of Defense shall—

(1) track the impact of economic fluctuations, include tariffs, supply chain disruptions and inflation, on all major prime contracts entered into by the Department of Defense; and

(2) not later than January 30, 2026, submit to the congressional defense committees a report that includes—

(A) an assessment of cost increases to both the Department and contractors as a result of tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) and section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (19 U.S.C. 1862);

(B) an assessment of the effects of such tariffs on supply chains and lead times for major defense platforms; and

(C) a summary of agreements entered into under section 4851 of title 10, United States Code, and an assessment of the application of those agreements to the defense supply chain.”.

The text of section 1033 is hereby deemed to read as follows:

“1033. Support for counterdrug activities and activities to counter transnational organized crime.— Subsection (h) of section 284 of title 10, United States Code, is amended—

(1) in paragraph (1)—

(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) and (B) as subparagraphs (B) and (C), respectively; and

(B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as redesignated by subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, the following new subparagraph:

(C) In the case of support for a purpose described in subsection (b)—

(i) the agency to which support is provided;

(ii) the budget, and anticipated delivery schedule for support;

(iii) the source of funds provided for the project or purpose;

(iv) a description of the arrangements, if any, for the sustainment of the project or purpose and the source of funds to support sustainment of the capabilities and performance outcomes achieved using such support, if applicable;

(v) a description of the objectives for the project or purpose; and

(vi) information, including the amount, type, and purpose, about the support provided the agency during the three fiscal years preceding the fiscal year for which the support covered by the notice is provided under this section with respect to—

(I) this section;

(II) counterdrug activities authorized by section 1033 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998 (Public Law 105–85; 111 Stat. 1811); or

(III) any other significant program, account, or activity for the provision of security assistance that the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of State consider appropriate. and

(2) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking “the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives” and inserting “the congressional defense committees”.”.

Section 793 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting “video,” after “photographic negative,” each place such term appears.

Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall—

(1) conduct a study on the transparency and cooperation regarding—

(A) brokers and dealers that are a member of a national securities association and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are controlled by or organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China; and

(B) investment advisors registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and controlled by or organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China; and

(2) submit to Congress a report that includes the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).

(a) Short title.— This section may be cited as the “International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025”.

(b) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Advanced nuclear reactor.— The term advanced nuclear reactor means—

(A) a nuclear fission reactor, including a prototype plant (as defined in sections 50.2 and 52.1 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations)), with significant improvements compared to reactors operating on October 19, 2016, including improvements such as—

(i) additional inherent safety features;

(ii) lower waste yields;

(iii) improved fuel and material performance;

(iv) increased tolerance to loss of fuel cooling;

(v) enhanced reliability or improved resilience;

(vi) increased proliferation resistance;

(vii) increased thermal efficiency;

(viii) reduced consumption of cooling water and other environmental impacts;

(ix) the ability to integrate into electric applications and nonelectric applications;

(x) modular sizes to allow for deployment that corresponds with the demand for electricity or process heat; and

(xi) operational flexibility to respond to changes in demand for electricity or process heat and to complement integration with intermittent renewable energy or energy storage;

(B) a fusion machine (as defined in section 11 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014)); and

(C) a radioisotope power system that utilizes heat from radioactive decay to generate energy.

(2) Ally or partner nation.— The term ally or partner nation means—

(A) the Government of any country that is a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development;

(B) the Government of the Republic of India; and

(C) the Government of any country designated as an ally or partner nation by the Secretary of State for purposes of this section.

(3) Appropriate committees of Congress.— The term appropriate committees of Congress means—

(A) the Committees on Foreign Relations, Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, and Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate; and

(B) the Committees on Foreign Affairs and Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives.

(4) Associated entity.— The term associated entity means an entity that—

(A) is owned, controlled, or operated by—

(i) an ally or partner nation; or

(ii) an associated individual; or

(B) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a country described in paragraph (2), including a corporation that is incorporated in a country described in that paragraph.

(5) Associated individual.— The term associated individual means a foreign national who is a national of a country described in paragraph (2).

(6) Civil nuclear.— The term civil nuclear means activities relating to—

(A) nuclear plant construction;

(B) nuclear fuel services;

(C) nuclear energy financing;

(D) nuclear plant operations;

(E) nuclear plant regulation;

(F) nuclear medicine;

(G) nuclear safety;

(H) community engagement in areas in reasonable proximity to nuclear sites;

(I) infrastructure support for nuclear energy;

(J) nuclear plant decommissioning;

(K) nuclear liability;

(L) safe storage and safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel;

(M) environmental safeguards;

(N) nuclear nonproliferation and security; and

(O) technology related to the matters described in subparagraphs (A) through (N).

(7) Embarking civil nuclear nation.—

(A) In general.— The term embarking civil nuclear nation means a country that—

(i) does not have a civil nuclear energy program;

(ii) is in the process of developing or expanding a civil nuclear energy program, including safeguards and a legal and regulatory framework, for—

(I) nuclear safety;

(II) nuclear security;

(III) radioactive waste management;

(IV) civil nuclear energy;

(V) environmental safeguards;

(VI) community engagement in areas in reasonable proximity to nuclear sites;

(VII) nuclear liability; or

(VIII) advanced nuclear reactor licensing;

(iii) is in the process of selecting, developing, constructing, or utilizing advanced light water reactors, advanced nuclear reactors, or advanced civil nuclear technologies; or

(iv) is eligible to receive development lending from the World Bank.

(B) Exclusions.— The term embarking civil nuclear nation does not include—

(i) the People’s Republic of China;

(ii) the Russian Federation;

(iii) the Republic of Belarus;

(iv) the Islamic Republic of Iran;

(v) the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea;

(vi) the Republic of Cuba;

(vii) the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela;

(viii) Burma; or

(ix) any other country—

(I) the property or interests in property of the government of which are blocked pursuant to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.); or

(II) the government of which the Secretary of State has determined has repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism for purposes of—

(aa) section 620A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2371(a));

(bb) section 40(d) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2780(d));

(cc) section 1754(c)(1)(A)(i) of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)(i)); or

(dd) any other relevant provision of law.

(8) National Energy Dominance Council.— The term National Energy Dominance Council means the National Energy Dominance Council established within the Executive Office of the President under Executive Order 14213 (90 Fed. Reg. 9945; relating to establishing the National Energy Dominance Council).

(9) Secretary.— The term Secretary means the Secretary of Energy.

(10) Spent nuclear fuel.— The term spent nuclear fuel has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 10101).

(11) U.S. nuclear energy company.— The term U.S. nuclear energy company means a company that—

(A) is organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, the United States; and

(B) is involved in the nuclear energy industry.

(c) Nuclear exports working group.—

(1) Establishment.— There is established a working group, to be known as the “Nuclear Exports Working Group” (referred to in this subsection as the working group).

(2) Composition.— The working group shall be composed of—

(A) senior-level Federal officials, selected internally by the applicable Federal agency or organization, from any Federal agency or organization that the President determines to be appropriate; and

(B) other senior-level Federal officials, selected internally by the applicable Federal agency or organization, from any other Federal agency or organization that the Secretary determines to be appropriate.

(3) Reporting.— The working group shall report to the President or 1 or more Federal officials designated by the President, if applicable.

(4) Duties.— The working group shall coordinate, not less frequently than quarterly, with the Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee of the Department of Commerce, the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee of the Department of Energy, and other advisory or stakeholder groups, as necessary, to maintain an accurate and up-to-date knowledge of the standing of civil nuclear exports from the United States, including with respect to meeting the targets established as part of the 10-year civil nuclear trade strategy described in paragraph (5)(A).

(5) Strategy.—

(A) In general.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the working group shall establish a 10-year civil nuclear trade strategy, including biennial targets for the export of civil nuclear technologies, including light water and non-light water reactors and associated equipment and technologies, civil nuclear materials, and nuclear fuel that align with meeting international energy demand while seeking to avoid or reduce emissions and prevent the dissemination of nuclear technology, materials, and weapons to adversarial nations and terrorist groups.

(B) Collaboration required.— In establishing the strategy under subparagraph (A), the working group shall collaborate with—

(i) any Federal agency that the President determines to be appropriate; and

(ii) representatives of private industry and experts in nuclear security and risk reduction, as appropriate.

(d) Engagement with ally or partner nations.—

(1) In general.— The President shall launch, in accordance with applicable nuclear technology export laws (including regulations), an international initiative to modernize the civil nuclear outreach to embarking civil nuclear nations.

(2) Financing.—

(A) In general.— In carrying out the initiative described in paragraph (1), the President, acting through an appropriate Federal official, and in coordination with the officials described in subparagraph (B), may, if the President determines to be appropriate, seek to establish cooperative financing relationships for the export of civil nuclear technology, components, materials, and infrastructure to embarking civil nuclear nations.

(B) Officials described.— The officials referred to in subparagraph (A) are—

(i) appropriate officials of any Federal agency that the President determines to be appropriate; and

(ii) appropriate officials representing foreign countries and governments, including—

(I) ally or partner nations;

(II) embarking civil nuclear nations; and

(III) any other country or government that the President (or 1 or more Federal officials designated by the President) and the officials described in clause (i) jointly determine to be appropriate.

(3) Activities.— In carrying out the initiative described in paragraph (1), the President shall—

(A) assist nongovernmental organizations and appropriate offices, administrations, agencies, laboratories, and programs of the Department of Energy and other relevant Federal agencies and offices in providing education and training to foreign governments in nuclear safety, security, and safeguards—

(i) through engagement with the International Atomic Energy Agency; or

(ii) independently, if the applicable entity determines that it would be more advantageous under the circumstances to provide the applicable education and training independently;

(B) assist the efforts of the International Atomic Energy Agency to expand the support provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency to embarking civil nuclear nations for nuclear safety, security, and safeguards;

(C) coordinate with appropriate Federal departments and agencies on efforts to expand outreach to the private investment community and establish public-private financing relationships that enable the adoption of civil nuclear technologies by embarking civil nuclear nations, including through exports from the United States;

(D) seek to better coordinate, to the maximum extent practicable, the work carried out by any Federal agency that the President determines to be appropriate; and

(E) coordinate with the Export-Import Bank of the United States to improve the efficient and effective exporting and importing of civil nuclear technologies and materials.

(e) Cooperative financing relationships with ally or partner nations and embarking civil nuclear nations.—

(1) In general.— The President shall designate an appropriate White House official to coordinate with the officials described in subsection (d)(2)(B) to develop, as the President determines to be appropriate, financing relationships with ally or partner nations to assist in the adoption of civil nuclear technologies exported from the United States or ally or partner nations to embarking civil nuclear nations.

(2) United States competitiveness clauses.—

(A) Definition of United States competitiveness clause.— In this paragraph, the term United States competitiveness clause means any United States competitiveness provision in any agreement entered into by the Department of Energy, including—

(i) a cooperative agreement;

(ii) a cooperative research and development agreement; and

(iii) a patent waiver.

(B) Consideration.— In carrying out paragraph (1), the relevant officials described in that paragraph shall consider the impact of United States competitiveness clauses on any financing relationships entered into or proposed to be entered into under that paragraph.

(C) Waiver.— The Secretary shall facilitate waivers of United States competitiveness clauses as necessary to facilitate financing relationships with ally or partner nations under paragraph (1).

(f) Cooperation with ally or partner nations on advanced nuclear reactor demonstration and cooperative research facilities for civil nuclear energy.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and the Secretary of Commerce, shall conduct bilateral and multilateral meetings with not fewer than 5 ally or partner nations, with the aim of enhancing nuclear energy cooperation among those ally or partner nations and the United States, for the purpose of developing collaborative relationships with respect to research, development, licensing, and deployment of advanced nuclear reactor technologies for civil nuclear energy.

(2) Requirement.— The meetings described in paragraph (1) shall include—

(A) a focus on cooperation to demonstrate and deploy advanced nuclear reactors, with an emphasis on U.S. nuclear energy companies, during the 10-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this Act to provide options for addressing energy security and environmental impacts; and

(B) a focus on developing a memorandum of understanding or any other appropriate agreement between the United States and ally or partner nations with respect to—

(i) the demonstration and deployment of advanced nuclear reactors; and

(ii) the development of cooperative research facilities.

(3) Financing arrangements.— In conducting the meetings described in paragraph (1), the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary, the Secretary of Commerce, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies and only after initial consultation with the appropriate committees of Congress, shall seek to develop financing arrangements to share the costs of the demonstration and deployment of advanced nuclear reactors and the development of cooperative research facilities with the ally or partner nations participating in those meetings.

(g) International civil nuclear energy cooperation.— Section 959B of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16279b) is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “The Secretary” and inserting the following:

“(a) In general.— The Secretary”;

(2) in subsection (a) (as so designated)—

(A) in paragraph (1)—

(i) by striking “financing,”; and

(ii) by striking “and” after the semicolon at the end;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “preparations for”; and

(ii) in subparagraph (C)(v), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and

(C) by adding at the end the following:

“(3) to support, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, the safe, secure, and peaceful use of civil nuclear technology in countries developing nuclear energy programs, with a focus on countries that have increased civil nuclear cooperation with the Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of China; and

(4) to promote the fullest utilization of the reactors, fuel, equipment, services, and technology of U.S. nuclear energy companies (as defined in subsection (b) of the International Nuclear Energy Act of 2025) in civil nuclear energy programs outside the United States through—

(A) bilateral and multilateral arrangements developed and executed with the concurrence of the Secretary of State that contain commitments for the utilization of the reactors, fuel, equipment, services, and technology of U.S. nuclear energy companies (as defined in that subsection);

(B) the designation of 1 or more U.S. nuclear energy companies (as defined in that subsection) to implement an arrangement under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary determines that the designation is necessary and appropriate to achieve the objectives of this section; and

(C) the waiver of any provision of law relating to competition with respect to any activity related to an arrangement under subparagraph (A) if the Secretary, in consultation with the Attorney General and the Secretary of Commerce, determines that a waiver is necessary and appropriate to achieve the objectives of this section.”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Requirements.— The program under subsection (a) shall be supported in consultation with the Secretary of State and implemented by the Secretary—

(1) to facilitate, to the maximum extent practicable, workshops and expert-based exchanges to engage industry, stakeholders, and foreign governments with respect to international civil nuclear issues, such as—

(A) training;

(B) financing;

(C) safety;

(D) security;

(E) safeguards;

(F) liability;

(G) advanced fuels;

(H) operations; and

(I) options for multinational cooperation with respect to the disposal of spent nuclear fuel (as defined in section 2 of the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 10101)); and

(2) in coordination with any Federal agency that the President determines to be appropriate.

(c) Authorization of appropriations.— Of funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) in fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary may use $15,500,000 to carry out this section.”.

(h) International civil nuclear program support.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 120 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and 1 or more other Federal officials designated by the President, if applicable, shall launch an international initiative (referred to in this subsection as the initiative) to provide financial assistance to, and facilitate the building of technical capacities by, in accordance with this subsection, embarking civil nuclear nations for activities relating to the development of civil nuclear energy programs.

(2) Financial assistance.—

(A) In general.— In carrying out the initiative, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and 1 or more other Federal officials designated by the President, if applicable, is authorized to award grants of financial assistance in amounts not greater than $5,500,000 to embarking civil nuclear nations in accordance with this paragraph—

(i) for activities relating to the development of civil nuclear energy programs; and

(ii) to facilitate the building of technical capacities for those activities.

(B) Limitations.— The Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and 1 or more other Federal officials designated by the President, if applicable, may award—

(i) not more than 1 grant of financial assistance under subparagraph (A) to any 1 embarking civil nuclear nation each fiscal year; and

(ii) not more than a total of 5 grants of financial assistance under subparagraph (A) to any 1 embarking civil nuclear nation.

(3) Senior advisors.—

(A) In general.— In carrying out the initiative, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary and 1 or more other Federal officials designated by the President, if applicable, is authorized to provide financial assistance to an embarking civil nuclear nation for the purpose of contracting with a U.S. nuclear energy company to hire 1 or more senior advisors to assist the embarking civil nuclear nation in establishing a civil nuclear program.

(B) Requirement.— A senior advisor described in subparagraph (A) shall have relevant experience and qualifications to advise the embarking civil nuclear nation on, and facilitate on behalf of the embarking civil nuclear nation, 1 or more of the following activities:

(i) The development of financing relationships.

(ii) The development of a standardized financing and project management framework for the construction of nuclear power plants.

(iii) The development of a standardized licensing framework for—

(I) light water civil nuclear technologies; and

(II) non-light water civil nuclear technologies and advanced nuclear reactors.

(iv) The identification of qualified organizations and service providers.

(v) The identification of funds to support payment for services required to develop a civil nuclear program.

(vi) Market analysis.

(vii) The identification of the safety, security, safeguards, and nuclear governance required for a civil nuclear program.

(viii) Risk allocation, risk management, and nuclear liability.

(ix) Technical assessments of nuclear reactors and technologies.

(x) The identification of actions necessary to participate in a global nuclear liability regime based on the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, with Annex, done at Vienna September 12, 1997 (TIAS 15–415).

(xi) Stakeholder engagement.

(xii) Management of spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste.

(xiii) Any other major activities to support the establishment of a civil nuclear program, such as the establishment of export, financing, construction, training, operations, and education requirements.

(C) Clarification.— Financial assistance under this paragraph is authorized to be provided to an embarking civil nuclear nation in addition to any financial assistance provided to that embarking civil nuclear nation under paragraph (2).

(4) Limitation on assistance to embarking civil nuclear nations.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Offices of the Inspectors General for the Department of State and the Department of Energy shall coordinate—

(A) to establish and submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a joint strategic plan to conduct comprehensive oversight of activities authorized under this subsection to prevent fraud, waste, and abuse; and

(B) to engage in independent and effective oversight of activities authorized under this subsection through joint or individual audits, inspections, investigations, or evaluations.

(5) Authorization of appropriations.— Of funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the Secretary of State to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) in fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary of State may use $50,000,000 to carry out this subsection.

(i) Biennial cabinet-level international conference on nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability.—

(1) In general.— The President, in coordination with international partners, as determined by the President, and industry, shall hold a biennial conference on civil nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability (referred to in this subsection as a conference).

(2) Conference functions.— It is the sense of Congress that each conference should—

(A) be a forum in which ally or partner nations may engage with each other for the purpose of reinforcing the commitment to—

(i) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability;

(ii) environmental safeguards; and

(iii) local community engagement in areas in reasonable proximity to nuclear sites; and

(B) facilitate—

(i) the development of—

(I) joint commitments and goals to improve—

(aa) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability;

(bb) environmental safeguards; and

(cc) local community engagement in areas in reasonable proximity to nuclear sites;

(II) stronger international institutions that support nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability;

(III) cooperative financing relationships to promote competitive alternatives to Chinese and Russian financing;

(IV) a standardized financing and project management framework for the construction of civil nuclear power plants;

(V) a standardized licensing framework for civil nuclear technologies;

(VI) a strategy to change internal policies of multinational development banks, such as the World Bank, to support the financing of civil nuclear projects;

(VII) a document containing any lessons learned from countries that have partnered with the Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of China with respect to civil nuclear power, including any detrimental outcomes resulting from that partnership; and

(VIII) a global civil nuclear liability regime;

(ii) cooperation for enhancing the overall aspects of civil nuclear power, such as—

(I) nuclear safety, security, safeguards, and sustainability;

(II) nuclear laws (including regulations);

(III) waste management;

(IV) quality management systems;

(V) technology transfer;

(VI) human resources development;

(VII) localization;

(VIII) reactor operations;

(IX) nuclear liability; and

(X) decommissioning; and

(iii) the development and determination of the mechanisms described in subparagraphs (G) and (H) of subsection (j)(1), if the President intends to establish an Advanced Reactor Coordination and Resource Center as described in that subsection.

(3) Input from industry and government.— It is the sense of Congress that each conference should include a meeting that convenes nuclear industry leaders and leaders of government agencies with expertise relating to nuclear safety, security, safeguards, or sustainability to discuss best practices relating to—

(A) the safe and secure use, storage, and transport of nuclear and radiological materials;

(B) managing the evolving cyber threat to nuclear and radiological security; and

(C) the role that the nuclear industry should play in nuclear and radiological safety, security, and safeguards, including with respect to the safe and secure use, storage, and transport of nuclear and radiological materials, including spent nuclear fuel and nuclear waste.

(j) Advanced reactor coordination and resource center.—

(1) In general.— The President shall consider the feasibility of leveraging existing activities or frameworks or, as necessary, establishing a center, to be known as the “Advanced Reactor Coordination and Resource Center” (referred to in this subsection as the Center), for the purposes of—

(A) identifying qualified organizations and service providers—

(i) for embarking civil nuclear nations;

(ii) to develop and assemble documents, contracts, and related items required to establish a civil nuclear program; and

(iii) to develop a standardized model for the establishment of a civil nuclear program that can be used by the International Atomic Energy Agency;

(B) coordinating with countries participating in the Center and with the Nuclear Exports Working Group established under subsection (c)—

(i) to identify funds to support payment for services required to develop a civil nuclear program;

(ii) to provide market analysis; and

(iii) to create—

(I) project structure models;

(II) models for electricity market analysis;

(III) models for nonelectric applications market analysis; and

(IV) financial models;

(C) identifying and developing the safety, security, safeguards, and nuclear governance required for a civil nuclear program;

(D) supporting multinational regulatory standards to be developed by countries with civil nuclear programs and experience;

(E) developing and strengthening communications, engagement, and consensus-building;

(F) carrying out any other major activities to support export, financing, education, construction, training, and education requirements relating to the establishment of a civil nuclear program;

(G) developing mechanisms for how to fund and staff the Center; and

(H) determining mechanisms for the selection of the location or locations of the Center.

(2) Objective.— The President shall carry out paragraph (1) with the objective of establishing the Center if the President determines that it is feasible to do so.

(k) Strategic infrastructure fund working group.—

(1) Establishment.— There is established a working group, to be known as the “Strategic Infrastructure Fund Working Group” (referred to in this subsection as the working group) to provide input on the feasibility of establishing a program to support strategically important capital-intensive infrastructure projects.

(2) Composition.— The working group shall be composed of—

(A) senior-level Federal officials, selected by the head of the applicable Federal agency or organization, from any Federal agency or organization that the President determines to be appropriate;

(B) other senior-level Federal officials, selected by the head of the applicable Federal agency or organization, from any other Federal agency or organization that the Secretary determines to be appropriate; and

(C) any senior-level Federal official selected by the President or 1 or more Federal officials designated by the President from any Federal agency or organization.

(3) Reporting.— The working group shall report to the National Security Council.

(4) Duties.— The working group shall—

(A) provide direction and advice to the officials described in subsection (d)(2)(B)(i) and appropriate Federal agencies, as determined by the working group, with respect to the establishment of a Strategic Infrastructure Fund (referred to in this paragraph as the Fund) to be used—

(i) to support those aspects of projects relating to—

(I) civil nuclear technologies; and

(II) microprocessors; and

(ii) for strategic investments identified by the working group; and

(B) address critical areas in determining the appropriate design for the Fund, including—

(i) transfer of assets to the Fund;

(ii) transfer of assets from the Fund;

(iii) how assets in the Fund should be invested; and

(iv) governance and implementation of the Fund.

(5) Briefing and report required.—

(A) Briefing.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the working group shall brief the committees described in subparagraph (C) on the status of the development of the processes necessary to implement this subsection.

(B) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the working group shall submit to the committees described in subparagraph (C) a report on the findings of the working group that includes suggested legislative text for how to establish and structure a Strategic Infrastructure Fund.

(C) Committees described.— The committees referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) are—

(i) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, the Committee on Environment and Public Works, the Committee on Finance, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(ii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Ways and Means, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(D) Administration of the fund.— The report submitted under subparagraph (B) shall include suggested legislative language requiring all expenditures from a Strategic Infrastructure Fund established in accordance with this subsection to be administered by the Secretary of State (or a designee of the Secretary of State).

(l) Joint assessment between the United States and India on nuclear liability rules.—

(1) In general.— The Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall establish and maintain within the U.S.-India Strategic Security Dialogue a joint consultative mechanism with the Government of the Republic of India that convenes on a recurring basis—

(A) to assess the implementation of the Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, signed at Washington October 10, 2008 (TIAS 08–1206);

(B) to discuss opportunities for the Republic of India to align domestic nuclear liability rules with international norms; and

(C) to develop a strategy for the United States and the Republic of India to pursue bilateral and multilateral diplomatic engagements related to analyzing and implementing those opportunities.

(2) Report.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that describes the joint assessment developed pursuant to paragraph (1)(A).

(m) Rule of construction.— Except as expressly stated in this section, nothing in this section may be construed to alter or otherwise affect the interpretation or implementation of section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) or any other provision of law, including the requirement that agreements pursuant to that section be submitted to Congress for consideration.

(n) Sunset.— This section and the amendments made by this section shall cease to have effect on the date that is 20 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) National registry.—

(1) In general.— The Secretary of State, acting through the Special Envoy on North Korean Human Rights Issues, the Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs, or such other individual as the Secretary may designate, shall—

(A) engage, to the extent practicable, Korean American families who wish to be reunited with family members residing in North Korea from which such Korean American families were divided after the signing of the Agreement Concerning a Military Armistice in Korea, signed at Panmunjom July 27, 1953 (commonly referred to as the “Korean War Armistice Agreement” ), in anticipation of future reunions for such families and family members, including in-person and video reunions; and

(B) establish a private, internal national registry of the names and other relevant information of such Korean American families—

(i) to facilitate such future reunions; and

(ii) to provide for a repository of information about such Korean American families and family members in North Korea, including information about individuals who may be deceased.

(2) Disclosure of information.— The Secretary of State may enter into agreements with Korean individuals and families, academic institutions, or other members of the public, as appropriate, to share, in whole or in part, information collected and housed in the database if—

(A) the United States person whose personally identifiable information would be disclosed as a result of an agreement has provided consent to such disclosure; and

(B) the agreement outlines reasonable steps and commitments to ensure that any information disclosed as a result of such agreement is—

(i) kept private and confidential; and

(ii) will not be disclosed improperly to other parties outside the agreement.

(b) Actions to facilitate dialogue between the United States and North Korea.—

(1) In general.— The Secretary of State should take steps to ensure that any direct dialogue between the United States and North Korea includes progress towards holding future reunions for Korean American families and their family members in North Korea.

(2) Consultations.— The Secretary of State shall consult with the Government of the Republic of Korea, as appropriate, in carrying out this subsection.

(3) Reporting requirement.—

(A) In general.— The Secretary of State, acting through the Special Envoy on North Korean Human Rights Issues, shall include in each report required under section 107(d) of the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 (22 U.S.C. 7817(d)) a description of the consultations described in paragraph (2) conducted during the year preceding the submission of the report.

(B) Elements.— The reporting required under subparagraph (A) should include—

(i) the status of the national registry established pursuant to subsection (a)(1)(B);

(ii) the number of individuals included on the registry who—

(I) have met their family members in North Korea during previous reunions; and

(II) have yet to meet their family members in North Korea;

(iii) a summary of responses by North Korea to requests by the United States Government to hold reunions of divided families; and

(iv) a description of actions taken by North Korea that prevent the emigration of family members of Korean American families.

(c) Appropriate congressional committees defined.— In this section, the term appropriate congressional committees means the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

Not later than 5 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 5 years thereafter, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to Congress a report on food insecurity in the Armed Forces.

(a) In general.— Paragraph (2) of section 34(i) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278s(i)) is amended—

(1) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and update not less frequently than once every 3 years thereafter,”;

(2) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (M) as subparagraphs (E) through (N), respectively; and

(3) by inserting after subparagraph (C), the following new bsubparagraph:

“(D) to update the strategic plan developed under subparagraph (C) not less frequently than once every 4 years such that the planning cycle for the updates aligns with the planning cycle for updates to the National Strategy for Advanced Manufacturing required under section 102(c)(4) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 6622(c)(4)) to better ensure the Program reflects the priorities of the national strategy;”.

(b) Conforming amendments.— Such section is further amended—

(1) in paragraph (3), by striking “paragraph (2)(C)” and inserting “subparagraphs (C) and (D) of paragraph (2)”; and

(2) in paragraph (4), by striking “paragraph (2)(C)” and inserting “subparagraph (C) of paragraph (2) and any update to the plan required under subparagraph (D) of such paragraph”.

Section 717(a) of the Defense Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. 4564(a)) is amended by striking “September 30, 2025” and inserting “September 30, 2026”.

(a) Definition of informational material.— Section 1 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611) is amended by inserting after subsection (p) the following:

“(q) Informational material.— The term “informational material” means any material that a person disseminating the material believes or has reason to believe will, or that the person intends to in any way, influence any agency or official of the Government of the United States or any section of the public within the United States with reference to—

(1) formulating, adopting, or changing the domestic or foreign policies of the United States; or

(2) the political or public interests, policies, or relations of a government of a foreign country or a foreign political party.”.

(b) Filing and labeling of informational materials and requests for information or advice.— Section 4 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 614) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “political propaganda” and inserting “informational materials”;

(2) in subsection (b), by inserting “that states the name of the foreign country in which the foreign principal is located, ” after “on behalf of the foreign principal,”; and

(3) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:

“(e) Information furnished to agencies or officials of the United States Government.— It shall be unlawful for any person within the United States who is an agent of a foreign principal required to register under the provisions of this Act to transmit, convey, or otherwise furnish to any agency or official of the Government (including a Member or committee of either House of Congress) for or in the interests of such foreign principal any informational material or to request from any such agency or official for or in the interests of such foreign principal any information or advice with respect to any matter pertaining to the political or public interests, policies, or relations of a foreign country or of a political party or pertaining to the foreign or domestic policies of the United States unless the informational material or the request is prefaced or accompanied by a true and accurate statement to the effect that such person is registered as an agent of such foreign principal under this Act.”.

(c) Reports to the Congress.— Section 11 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 621) is amended by striking “political propaganda” and inserting “informational material”.

(a) In general.— The Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) is amended—

(1) in section 605A(k) (15 U.S.C. 1681c–1(k))—

(A) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following:

“(1) Definitions.— In this subsection:

(A) Armed forces.— The term armed forces has the meaning given the term in section 101(a) of title 10, United States Code.

(B) Armed forces member consumer.— The term armed forces member consumer means a consumer who, regardless of duty status, is a member of the armed forces.”; and

(B) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking “active duty military consumer” and inserting “armed forces member consumer”; and

(2) in section 625(b)(1)(K) (15 U.S.C. 1681t(b)(1)(K)), by striking “active duty military consumers” and inserting “armed forces member consumers”.

(b) Effective date.— The amendments made by subsection (a) shall take effect on the date that is 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) Short title.— This section may be cited as the “Preventing Adversary Influence, Disinformation, and Obscured Foreign Financing Act of 2025” or the “PAID OFF Act of 2025”.

(b) Treatment of exemptions under the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938.— Section 3 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 613), is amended—

(1) in the matter preceding subsection (a), by inserting “, except as provided in subsection (i)” after “principals”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(i) Limitations.— The exemptions under subsections (d)(1), (d)(2), and (h) shall not apply to any agent of a foreign principal that is a corporate or government entity that is owned or controlled by 1 or more of the identified countries listed in clauses (i) through (v) of section 1(m)(1)(A) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)(1)(A)).”.

(c) Mechanism to amend definition of “country of concern”.— Section 1(m) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)) is amended—

(1) by redesignating paragraphs (6) and (7) as paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively; and

(2) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:

“(6) Modification to definition of “country of concern”.—

(A) In general.— The Secretary of State may, in consultation with the Attorney General, propose the addition or deletion of countries described in paragraph (1)(A).

(B) Submission.— Any proposal described in subparagraph (A) shall—

(i) be submitted to the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives; and

(ii) become effective upon enactment of a joint resolution of approval as described in subparagraph (C).

(C) Joint resolution of approval.—

(i) In general.— For purposes of subparagraph (B)(ii), the term joint resolution of approval means only a joint resolution—

(I) that does not have a preamble;

(II) that includes in the matter after the resolving clause the following: “That Congress approves the modification of the definition of “country of concern” under section 1(m) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956, as submitted by the Secretary of State on ____; and section 1(m)(1)(A) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(m)(1)(A)) is amended by ______.”, the blank spaces being appropriately filled in with the appropriate date and the amendatory language required to modify the list of countries in paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection by adding or deleting 1 or more countries; and

(III) the title of which is as follows: “Joint resolution approving modifications to definition of “country of concern” under section 1(m) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956.”.

(ii) Referral.—

(I) Senate.— A resolution described in clause (i) that is introduced in the Senate shall be referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate.

(II) House of Representatives.— A resolution described in clause (i) that is introduced in the House of Representatives shall be referred to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives.”.

(d) Sunset.— The amendments made by this section shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration may enter into an agreement, as appropriate, with the Town of Chincoteague, Virginia, for a period of up to five years, for reimbursement of the Town of Chincoteague's costs directly associated with—

(1) the development of a plan for removal of drinking water wells currently situated on property administered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; and

(2) the establishment of alternative drinking water wells on property under the administrative control, through lease, ownership, or easement, of the Town of Chincoteague.

(b) Elements.— An agreement under subsection (a) shall include, to the extent practicable—

(1) a provision for the removal and relocation of the three remaining wells described in that subsection;

(2) a description of the location of the site to which such wells will be relocated or are planned to be relocated; and

(3) a current estimated cost of such relocation, including for the purchase, lease, or use of additional property, engineering, design, permitting, and construction.

(c) Submission to Congress.— Not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in coordination with the heads or other appropriate representatives of relevant entities, shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress any agreement entered into under subsection (a).

(d) Appropriate committees of Congress defined.— In this section, the term appropriate committees of Congress means—

(1) the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives.

Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Director of the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the Department of the Treasury, in consultation with the Chair of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Chair of the National Credit Union Administration, shall submit to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives a report on the feasibility of implementing artificial intelligence into anti-money laundering investigations relating to activity by foreign terrorist organizations, drug cartels, and other transnational criminal organizations that addresses the following:

(1) The types of investigations in which artificial intelligence would be helpful.

(2) The types of artificial intelligence programs that would be effective in such investigations.

(3) The types of schemes artificial intelligence would be best placed to detect.

(4) Any potential issues to implementation of artificial intelligence in such investigations.

(a) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Director.— The term Director means the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.

(2) Drug-Free Communities funded coalition.— The term Drug-Free Communities funded coalition means a recipient of a grant under section 1032 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1532).

(3) Effective drug prevention programs.— The term effective drug prevention programs, with respect to a school-community partnership between a Drug-Free Communities funded coalition and a local school, means strategies, policies, and activities that—

(A) are tailored to meet the needs of the student population of the school, based on the environment of the school and the community surrounding the school; and

(B) prevent and reduce substance use and misuse among local youth.

(4) Eligible entity.— The term eligible entity means a coalition (within the meaning of section 1032 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1532)) that—

(A) receives or has received a grant under subchapter I of chapter 2 of title I of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1523 et seq.); and

(B) has a memorandum of understanding in effect with not less than 1 local school to establish a school-community partnership.

(5) Local school.— The term local school means an elementary, middle, or high school located in an area served by an eligible entity.

(6) School-community partnership.— The term school-community partnership means a partnership between a Drug-Free Communities funded coalition and not less than 1 local school for the purpose of implementing effective drug prevention programs.

(7) Substance use and misuse.— The term substance use and misuse—

(A) has the meaning given the term in paragraph (9) of section 1023 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1523); and

(B) includes the use of electronic or other delivery mechanisms to consume a substance described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) of that paragraph.

(b) Grants authorized.—

(1) In general.—

(A) Initial grants.— Subject to paragraph (2), the Director may award grants to eligible entities for the purpose of implementing a school-community partnership.

(B) Renewal grants.— Subject to paragraph (2), the Director may award to an eligible entity who has received a grant under subparagraph (A) an additional grant for each fiscal year during the 3-fiscal-year period following the fiscal year for which the grant was awarded under subparagraph (A), for the purpose of continuing the school-community partnership.

(2) Limitations.—

(A) Amount.— The amount of a grant under this subsection may not exceed $75,000 for a fiscal year.

(B) Recipients.— Not more than 1 eligible entity may receive a grant under this subsection to establish a school-community partnership with a particular local school.

(c) Interagency agreement.— The Director may enter into an interagency agreement with a National Drug Control Program agency, as defined in section 702 of the Office of National Drug Control Policy Reauthorization Act of 1998 (21 U.S.C. 1701), to delegate authority for—

(1) the execution of grants under this section; and

(2) other activities necessary to carry out the responsibilities of the Director under this section.

(d) Application.—

(1) In general.— An eligible entity desiring a grant under this section, in coordination with each local school with which the eligible entity has a school-community partnership, shall submit to the Director an application at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by such information as the Director may require.

(2) Plan.— The application submitted under paragraph (1) shall include a detailed, comprehensive plan for the school-community partnership to implement effective drug prevention programs.

(e) Use of funds.—

(1) In general.— An eligible entity receiving a grant under this section shall use funds from the grant—

(A) to implement the plan described in subsection (d)(2); and

(B) if necessary, to obtain specialized training and assistance from the organization receiving the grant under section 4(a) of Public Law 107–82 (21 U.S.C. 1521 note).

(2) Supplement not supplant.— Grants provided under this section shall be used to supplement, and not supplant, Federal and non-Federal funds that are otherwise available for drug prevention programs in local schools.

(f) Evaluation.— Section 1032(a)(6) of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (21 U.S.C. 1532(a)(6)) shall apply to a grant under this section in the same manner as that section applies to a grant under subchapter I of chapter 2 of subtitle A of title I of that Act (21 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

(g) Authorization of appropriations.—

(1) In general.— There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $7,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2031.

(2) Administrative costs.— Not more than 8 percent of the funds appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) may be used by the Director for administrative expenses associated with the responsibilities of the Director under this section.

(a) Short title.— This section may be cited as the “Holding Foreign Insiders Accountable Act”.

(b) Disclosures.—

(1) Amendments.— Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78p(a)) is amended—

(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “(including, solely for the purposes of this subsection, every person who is a director or an officer of a foreign private issuer, as that term is defined in section 240.3b–4 of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation)” after “an officer of the issuer of such security”;

(B) in paragraph (2)—

(i) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”; and

(ii) by adding at the end the following:

“(D) with respect to a foreign private issuer, the securities of which are, as of the date of enactment of the Holding Foreign Insiders Accountable Act, registered pursuant to subsection (b) or (g) of section 12, on the date that is 90 days after that date of enactment.”; and

(C) in paragraph (4)(A), by inserting “and in English” after “electronically”.

(2) Effective date.— The amendments made by paragraph (1) shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act.

(c) Effect on regulation.— If any provision of section 240.3a12–3(b) of title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, or any successor regulation, is inconsistent with the amendments made by subsection (b), that provision of such section 240.3a12–3(b) (or such successor) shall have no force or effect beginning on the effective date described in subsection (b)(2).

(d) Issuance or amendment of regulations.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall issue final regulations (or amend or rescind, in whole or in part, existing regulations of the Commission) to carry out the amendments made by subsection (b).

(2) Additional rulemaking.— The Securities and Exchange Commission may issue such additional regulations (or amend or rescind, in whole or in part, existing regulations of the Commission) as necessary to implement the intent of this section.

Section 104(b) of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4703(b)) is amended by adding to the end the following:

“(5) Annual testimony.— The Secretary of the Treasury (or a designee of the Secretary) shall, at the discretion of the chairman of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and chairman of the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives, annually testify before such committees (or a subcommittee of such committees) regarding the operations of the Fund during the previous fiscal year.”.

(a) Short title.— This Act may be cited as the “CDFI Bond Guarantee Program Improvement Act of 2025”.

(b) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that the authority to guarantee bonds under section 114A of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4713a) (commonly referred to as the “CDFI Bond Guarantee Program”) provides community development financial institutions with a sustainable source of long-term capital and furthers the mission of the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (established under section 104(a) of such Act (12 U.S.C. 4703(a)) to increase economic opportunity and promote community development investments for underserved populations and distressed communities in the United States.

(c) Guarantees for bonds and notes issued for community or economic development purposes.—

(1) In general.— Section 114A of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4713a) is amended—

(A) in subsection (c)(2), by striking “, multiplied by an amount equal to the outstanding principal balance of issued notes or bonds”;

(B) by amending subsection (e)(2) to read as follows:

“(2) Limitation on guarantee amount.— The Secretary may not guarantee any amount under the program equal to less than $25,000,000, but the total of all such guarantees in any fiscal year may not exceed $1,000,000,000.”; and

(C) in subsection (k), by striking “September 30, 2014” and inserting “the date that is 4 years after the later of the date of enactment of the CDFI Bond Guarantee Program Improvement Act of 2025 or December 31, 2029.”.

(2) Clerical amendment.— The table of contents in section 1(b) of the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103–325; 108 Stat. 2160) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 114 the following:

(d) Report on the CDFI bond guarantee program.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, and not later than 3 years after such date of enactment, the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue a report to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives on the effectiveness of the CDFI bond guarantee program established under section 114A of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4713a).

(a) In general.— Section 113 of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4712) is amended—

(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:

“(a) Assistance.—

(1) In general.— The Fund may provide funds to organizations for the purpose of—

(A) purchasing loans that are originated by community development financial institutions, loan participations, or interests therein from community development financial institutions;

(B) providing guarantees, loan loss reserves, or other forms of credit enhancement to promote liquidity for community development financial institutions; and

(C) otherwise enhancing the liquidity of community development financial institutions.

(2) Construction of Federal Government funds.— For purposes of this subsection, notwithstanding section 105(a)(9) of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5305(a)(9)), funds provided pursuant to such Act shall be considered to be Federal Government funds.”;

(2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:

“(b) Selection.—

(1) In general.— The selection of organizations to receive assistance and the amount of assistance to be provided to any organization under this section shall be at the discretion of the Fund and in accordance with criteria established by the Fund.

(2) Eligibility.— Organizations eligible to receive assistance under this section—

(A) shall have a primary purpose of promoting community development; and

(B) are not required to be community development financial institutions.

(3) Prioritization.— For the purpose of making an award of funds under this section, the Fund shall prioritize the selection of organizations that—

(A) demonstrate relevant experience or an ability to carry out the activities under this section, including experience leading or participating in loan purchase structures or purchasing or participating in the purchase of, assigning, or otherwise transferring, assets from community development financial institutions;

(B) demonstrate the capacity to increase the number or dollar volume of loan originations or expand the products or services of community development financial institutions, including by leveraging the award with private capital; and

(C) will use the funds to support community development financial institutions that represent broad geographic coverage or that serve borrowers that have experienced significant unmet capital or financial services needs.”;

(3) in subsection (c), in the first sentence—

(A) by striking “$5,000,000” and inserting “$20,000,000”; and

(B) by striking “during any 3-year period”; and

(4) by adding at the end the following:

“(g) Regulations.— The Secretary may promulgate such regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to carry out the authorities or purposes of this section.”.

(b) Emergency Capital Investment Funds.— Section 104A of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4703a) is amended by striking subsection (l) and inserting the following:

“(l) Deposit of funds.— All funds received by the Secretary in connection with purchases made pursuant this section, including interest payments, dividend payments, and proceeds from the sale of any financial instrument, shall be deposited into the Fund and used—

(1) to provide financial assistance to organizations pursuant to section 113; and

(2) to provide financial and technical assistance pursuant to section 108, except that subsection (e) of that section shall be waived.”.

(c) Annual reports.—

(1) Definitions.— In this subsection, the terms community development financial institution and Fund have the meanings given the terms in section 103 of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4702).

(2) Requirements.— Not later than 1 year after the date on which assistance is first provided under section 113 of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4712) pursuant to the amendments made by subsection (a) of this section, and annually thereafter through 2028, the Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to Congress a written report describing the use of the Fund for the 1-year period preceding the submission of the report for the purposes described in subsection (a)(1) of such section 113, as amended by subsection (a) of this section, which shall include, with respect to the period covered by the report—

(A) the total amount of—

(i) loans, loan participations, and interests therein purchased from community development financial institutions;

(ii) loans that support affordable housing construction; and

(iii) guarantees, loan loss reserves, and other forms of credit enhancement provided to community development financial institutions;

(B) the effect of the purchases and guarantees made by the Fund on the overall competitiveness of community development financial institutions; and

(C) the impact of the purchases and guarantees made by the Fund on the liquidity of community development financial institutions.

Section 502 of the Housing Act of 1949 (42 U.S.C. 1472) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(j) Set aside for native community development financial institutions.—

(1) Definitions.— In this subsection—

(A) the term Alaska Native has the meaning given the term Native in section 3(b) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b));

(B) the term appropriate congressional committees means—

(i) the Committee on Agriculture of the Senate;

(ii) the Committee on Indian Affairs of the Senate;

(iii) the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate;

(iv) the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives;

(v) the Committee on Natural Resources of the House of Representatives; and

(vi) the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives;

(C) the term community development financial institution has the meaning given the term in section 103 of the Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994 (12 U.S.C. 4702);

(D) the term Indian Tribe has the meaning given the term Indian tribe in section 4 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4103);

(E) the term Native community development financial institution means an entity—

(i) that has been certified as a community development financial institution by the Secretary of the Treasury;

(ii) that is not less than 51 percent owned or controlled by members of Indian Tribes, Alaska Native communities, or Native Hawaiian communities; and

(iii) for which not less than 51 percent of the activities of the entity serve Indian Tribes, Alaska Native communities, or Native Hawaiian communities;

(F) the term Native Hawaiian has the meaning given the term in section 801 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4221); and

(G) the term priority Tribal land means—

(i) any land located within the boundaries of—

(I) an Indian reservation, pueblo, or rancheria; or

(II) a former reservation within Oklahoma;

(ii) any land not located within the boundaries of an Indian reservation, pueblo, or rancheria, the title to which is held—

(I) in trust by the United States for the benefit of an Indian Tribe or an individual Indian;

(II) by an Indian Tribe or an individual Indian, subject to restriction against alienation under laws of the United States; or

(III) by a dependent Indian community;

(iii) any land located within a region established pursuant to section 7(a) of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1606(a));

(iv) Hawaiian Home Lands, as defined in section 801 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4221); or

(v) those areas or communities designated by the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior that are near, adjacent, or contiguous to reservations where financial assistance and social service programs are provided to Indians because of their status as Indians.

(2) Purpose.— The purpose of this subsection is to—

(A) increase homeownership opportunities for Indian Tribes, Alaska Native Communities, and Native Hawaiian communities in rural areas; and

(B) provide capital to Native community development financial institutions to increase the number of mortgage transactions carried out by those institutions.

(3) Set aside for Native CDFIs.— Of amounts appropriated to make direct loans under this section for each fiscal year, the Secretary may use not more than $50,000,000 to make direct loans to Native community development financial institutions in accordance with this subsection.

(4) Application requirements.— A Native community development financial institution desiring a loan under this subsection shall demonstrate that the institution—

(A) can provide the non-Federal cost share required under paragraph (6); and

(B) is able to originate and service loans for single family homes.

(5) Lending requirements.— A Native community development financial institution that receives a loan pursuant to this subsection shall—

(A) use those amounts to make loans to borrowers—

(i) who otherwise meet the requirements for a loan under this section; and

(ii) who—

(I) are members of an Indian Tribe, an Alaska Native community, or a Native Hawaiian community; or

(II) maintain a household in which not less than 1 member is a member of an Indian Tribe, an Alaska Native community, or a Native Hawaiian community; and

(B) in making loans under subparagraph (A), give priority to borrowers described in that subparagraph who are residing on priority Tribal land.

(6) Non-Federal cost share.—

(A) In general.— A Native community development financial institution that receives a loan under this section shall be required to match not less than 20 percent of the amount received.

(B) Waiver.— In the case of a loan for which amounts are used to make loans to borrowers described in paragraph (5)(B), the Secretary shall waive the non-Federal cost share requirement described in subparagraph (A) with respect to those loan amounts.

(7) Reporting.—

(A) Annual report by Native CDFIs.— Each Native community development financial institution that receives a loan pursuant to this subsection shall submit an annual report to the Secretary on the lending activities of the institution using the loan amounts, which shall include—

(i) a description of the outreach efforts of the institution in local communities to identify eligible borrowers;

(ii) a description of how the institution leveraged additional capital to reach prospective borrowers;

(iii) the number of loan applications received, approved, and deployed;

(iv) the average loan amount;

(v) the number of finalized loans that were made on Tribal trust lands and not on Tribal trust lands; and

(vi) the number of finalized loans that were made on priority Tribal land and not priority Tribal land.

(B) Annual report to Congress.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, and every year thereafter, the Secretary shall submit to the appropriate congressional communities a report that includes—

(i) a list of loans made to Native community development financial institutions pursuant to this subsection, including the name of the institution and the loan amount;

(ii) the percentage of loans made under this section to members of Indian Tribes, Alaska Native communities, and Native Hawaiian communities, respectively, including a breakdown of loans made to households residing on and not on Tribal trust lands; and

(iii) the average loan amount made by Native community development financial institutions pursuant to this subsection.

(C) Evaluation of program.— Not later than 3 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary and the Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct an evaluation of and submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the program under this subsection, which shall—

(i) evaluate the effectiveness of the program, including an evaluation of the demand for loans under the program; and

(ii) include recommendations relating to the program, including whether—

(I) the program should be expanded to such that all community development financial institutions may make loans under the program to the borrowers described in paragraph (5); and

(II) the set aside amount paragraph (3) should be modified in order to match demand under the program.

(8) Grants for operational support.—

(A) In general.— The Secretary shall make grants to Native community development financial institutions that receive a loan under this section to provide operational support and other related services to those institutions, subject to—

(i) the satisfactory performance, as determined by the Secretary, of a Native community development financial institution in carrying out this section; and

(ii) the availability of funding.

(B) Amount.— A Native community development financial institution that receives a loan under this section shall be eligible to receive a grant described in subparagraph (A) in an amount equal to 20 percent of the direct loan amount received by the Native community development financial institution under the program under this section as of the date on which the direct loan is awarded.

(9) Outreach and technical assistance.— There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2025, 2026, and 2027—

(A) to provide technical assistance to Native community development financial institutions—

(i) relating to homeownership and other housing-related assistance provided by the Secretary; and

(ii) to assist those institutions to perform outreach to eligible homebuyers relating to the loan program under this section; or

(B) to provide funding to a national organization representing Native American housing interests to perform outreach and provide technical assistance as described in clauses (i) and (ii), respectively, of subparagraph (A).

(10) Administrative costs.— In addition to other available funds, the Secretary may use not more than 3 percent of the amounts made available to carry out this subsection for administration of the programs established under this subsection.”.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Deterring External Threats and Ensuring Robust Responses to Egregious and Nefarious Criminal Endeavors Act” or the “DETERRENCE Act”.

Section 1201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i);

(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following:

“(h) Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments.—

(1) In general.— The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(2) Conspiracy.— The sentence of a person convicted of conspiring to commit a violation of subsection (a) as part of a conspiracy under the elements specified in subsection (c) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(A) 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and

(B) the person convicted of conspiring to commit a violation of subsection (a) knew that 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(3) Attempt.— The sentence of a person convicted of an attempt to violate subsection (a) may be increased by up to 5 years if such attempt was knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.”; and

(3) in subsection (i), as so designated, by inserting “Definition.—” before “As used in this section”.

(a) In general.— Section 1958 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c);

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:

“(b) Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments.— The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a)—

(1) may be increased by up to 5 years, if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and

(2) may be increased by up to 10 years—

(A) if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and

(B) personal injury results.”; and

(3) in subsection (c), as so redesignated, by inserting “Definitions.—” before “As used in this section”.

(b) Technical and conforming amendments.—

(1) Section 2332b(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 1958(b)(2)” and inserting “section 1958”.

(2) Section 1010A(d) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960a(d)) is amended by striking “section 1958(b)(1)” and inserting “section 1958”.

Section 115(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(5) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a), if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government—

(A) may be increased by up to 5 years if the offense committed was an assault involving physical contact with the victim of that assault or the intent to commit another felony;

(B) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(i) the offense committed was an assault resulting in bodily injury (including serious bodily injury (as that term is defined in section 1365 of this title));

(ii) the offense involved any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title; or

(iii) a dangerous weapon was used during and in relation to the offense; and

(C) may be increased by up to 10 years if the offense committed was a murder, attempted murder, or conspiracy to murder.”.

Section 2261A of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by striking “Whoever—” and inserting “(a) In general.—Except as provided in subsection (b), whoever—”; and

(2) by adding at the end the following:

“(b) Enhanced penalties for offenses involving foreign governments.— The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a), if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government—

(1) may be increased by up to 5 years if—

(A) serious bodily injury (including permanent disfigurement or life threatening bodily injury) to the victim results;

(B) the offender uses a dangerous weapon during the offense; or

(C) the victim of the offense is under the age of 18 years;

(2) may be increased by up to 10 years if death of the victim results; and

(3) may be increased by up to 30 months in any other case.”.

Section 1114 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c); and

(2) by inserting after subsection (a) the following:

“(b) Sentence enhancements for offenses directed by or coordinated with foreign governments.— The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.”.

Section 1751 of title 18, United States Code, is amended—

(1) by redesignating subsections (f) through (k) as subsections (g) through (i), respectively; and

(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following:

“(f)

(1) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (a), (b), or (c) may be increased by up to 10 years if such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(2) The sentence of a person convicted of conspiring to kill or kidnap any individual designated in subsection (a) as part of a conspiracy under the elements specified in subsection (d) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(A) 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government; and

(B) the person convicted of conspiring to kill or kidnap an individual designated in subsection (a) knew that 1 or more of the persons involved in such conspiracy were knowingly acting in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(3) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(A) the victim was any person designated in subsection (a)(1); and

(B) such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(4) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(A) the victim was any person designated in subsection (a)(2); and

(B) such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.

(5) The sentence of a person convicted of an offense under subsection (e) may be increased by up to 10 years if—

(A)

(i) the offense involved the use of a dangerous weapon; or

(ii) personal injury resulted; and

(B) such offense was committed knowingly at the direction of or in coordination with a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government.”.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Guaranteeing Access and Innovation for National Artificial Intelligence Act of 2025” or the “GAIN AI Act of 2025”.

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) artificial intelligence is a transformative technology and United States policy should ensure that United States persons, including small businesses, startups, and universities, are in the best position to innovate and harness the potential of artificial intelligence;

(2) the demand for advanced artificial intelligence chips far exceeds the supply, and United States persons are forced to wait many months, if not longer, to acquire the latest chips;

(3) at the same time, United States chip developers are selling advanced artificial intelligence chips to entities in countries that are subject to a United States arms embargo or countries that have a close relationship with such countries, so that United States persons are unable to acquire such chips;

(4) the production of such chips for sale to entities in countries described in paragraph (3) is taking up production capacity that would otherwise be used to fabricate chips for United States persons; and

(5) it should be the policy of the United States and the Department of Commerce—

(A) to deny licenses for the export of the most powerful artificial intelligence chips, including such chips with a total processing power of 4,800 or above; and

(B) to restrict the export of less advanced artificial intelligence chips to foreign entities in countries of concern so long as United States entities are waiting and unable to acquire those same chips.

Part I of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4811 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 1758 the following:

“1758A. Control of exports of advanced integrated circuits.—

(a) License requirement.—

(1) In general.— Except as provided by paragraph (2), the Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security shall require a license for the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of an advanced integrated circuit or a product containing such a circuit.

(2) Authority to exempt certain countries.— The requirement for a license under paragraph (1) does not apply with respect to the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of an advanced integrated circuit or a product containing such a circuit to or in a country that is listed in Country Group A:4, A:5, or A:6 in Supplement No. 1 to part 740 of the Export Administration Regulations.

(b) Certification of priority for United States customers for certain advanced integrated circuits.—

(1) Certification requirement.— The Under Secretary shall require a person submitting an application for a license to export, reexport, or in-country transfer an advanced integrated circuit or a product containing such a circuit to or in a country subject to a comprehensive United States arms embargo or a country of concern to certify in the application that—

(A) United States persons had a right-of-first-refusal for the circuit or product, which means the person submitting the application—

(i) upon reaching the decision to enter into a transaction for the sale of such a circuit or product to a person in a country subject to a comprehensive United States arms embargo or a country of concern, provided, in a manner accessible to United States persons, a notice of—

(I) intent to sell the circuit or product to the person in that country; and

(II) the terms of the transaction, including the price and quantity of the circuit or product involved in the transaction;

(ii) allowed not less than 15 business days for United States persons to request to purchase the full quantity or a lesser quantity of the circuit or product on the terms (other than quantity) specified under clause (i); and

(iii) provided preference to United States persons that requested to purchase the circuit or product over the person in the country described in clause (i); and

(B) the person submitting the application—

(i) has no current backlog of requests from United States persons for the circuit or product or a comparable circuit or product;

(ii) cannot foresee the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of the circuit or product resulting in such a backlog or a reduction in the capacity of production lines for the production of the circuit or product for United States persons; and

(iii) is not providing advantageous pricing or terms for the circuit or product to foreign persons that the person is not providing to United States persons.

(2) Denial of applications without certification.— If a certification described in paragraph (1) is not submitted with an application for a license described in that paragraph, the Under Secretary shall deny the application.

(3) Implementation.— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this section, the Under Secretary shall prescribe regulations providing guidance for complying with the certification requirement under paragraph (1), which shall include—

(A) a description of the acceptable formats for the notice required by paragraph (1)(A)(i);

(B) establishment of a portal that allows—

(i) persons applying for a license under this section to submit details regarding intended sales of advanced integrated circuits and products containing such circuits; and

(ii) United States persons to view those details and submit requests to purchase such circuits or products pursuant to paragraph (1)(A)(ii);

(C) procedures for handling multiple requests for an intended sale of such a circuit or product, which shall allow for combining requests for lesser quantities of the circuit or product to match the full quantity offered for sale;

(D) recordkeeping requirements;

(E) penalties for misrepresentation and concealment of material facts; and

(F) metrics and procedures by which to determine whether—

(i) the export, reexport, or in-country transfer of a circuit or product would create—

(I) a backlog of requests described in paragraph (1)(B)(i); or

(II) a reduction in capacity described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii); and

(ii) the person selling the circuit or product is providing advantageous pricing or terms described in paragraph (1)(B)(iii) to foreign persons.

(c) Definitions.—

(1) Advanced integrated circuit.— In this section, the term advanced integrated circuit means an integrated circuit (as defined Export Control Classification Number 3A090 in the Commerce Control List) that has one or more digital processing units with—

(A) a total processing performance of 2,400 or more and a performance density of 1.6 or more;

(B) a total processing performance of 1,600 or more and a performance density of 3.2 or more; or

(C) a total DRAM bandwidth of 1,400 gigabytes per second or more, interconnect bandwidth of 1,100 gigabytes per second or more, or a sum of DRAM bandwidth and interconnect bandwidth of 1,700 gigabytes per second or more.

(2) Commerce Control List.— In this section, the term Commerce Control List means the list set forth in Supplement No. 1 to part 774 of the Export Administration Regulations.

(3) Country of concern.— In this section, the term country of concern means a country that the Director of National Intelligence assesses is hosting, or has the intention of hosting, a military or intelligence facility associated with a country subject to a comprehensive United States arms embargo.

(4) Performance density; total processing performance.— In this section, the terms performance density and total processing performance have the meanings given those terms in, and are calculated as provided for under, Export Control Classification Number 3A090 in the Commerce Control List.”.

Section 1125(c) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017 (10 U.S.C. 1580 note prec.; Public Law 114–328) is amended by inserting “and includes supporting units of a facility at an installation or base” after “United States”.

(a) Fiscal year 2026 classes.— During fiscal year 2026, the Secretary of the Navy shall induct, at each of the Navy shipyards, a class of not fewer than 100 apprentices.

(b) Fiscal year 2027 costs.— The Secretary of the Navy shall include the costs of the classes of Navy shipyard apprentices to be inducted in fiscal year 2027 in the materials of the Department of Defense supporting the fiscal year 2027 budget request submitted to Congress by the President pursuant to section 1105(a) of title 31, United States Code.

The Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (title LXXIV of division F of Public Law 116–92; 22 U.S.C. 8791 note) is hereby repealed.

(b) Report.— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for the following 4 years, the President or his designee shall submit to Congress an unclassified report, with a classified annex if necessary, that certifies whether the Government of Syria—

(1) has committed itself to the goal of eliminating the threat posed by ISIS and other terrorist groups and has worked in partnership with the United States to join as a member of the Global Coalition To Defeat ISIS;

(2) is making progress in providing security for religious and ethnic minorities in Syria and includes representation from religious and ethnic minorities in the government;

(3) is not taking unilateral, unprovoked military action against its neighbors, including the State of Israel, and continues to make progress towards international security agreements, as appropriate;

(4) is not knowingly financing, assisting (monetarily or through weapons transfers), or harboring individuals or groups (including foreign terrorist organizations and specially designated global terrorists) that are harmful to the national security of the United States or allies and partners of the United States in the region;

(5) has removed, or has taken steps to remove, foreign fighters from senior roles in the Government of Syria, including those in the state and security institutions of Syria; and

(6) is in the process of investigating and has committed to prosecuting those that have committed serious abuses of internationally recognized human rights since December 8, 2024, including those responsible for the massacre of religious minorities.

(c) Notification to the Government of Syria.— The President or his designee shall inform the Government of Syria of the findings of the report required under subsection (b).

(d) Sense of Congress on reimposition of sanctions.— If the President or his designee is unable to make an affirmative certification under subsection (b) for two consecutive reporting periods, it is the sense of Congress that sanctions under the Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019 (title LXXIV of division F of Public Law 116–92; 22 U.S.C. 8791 note) should be reimposed and remain in effect until the President or his designee makes an affirmative certification under subsection (b).

The Secretary of State is authorize to establish a program that—

(1) provides funding to rehabilitate border crossings in Syria; and

(2) supports counter-narcotics, counterterrorism, and counter-weapons trafficking, particularly by personnel and ministries linked to the new Government of Syria.

(a) Findings.— Congress finds the following:

(1) Since the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the Russian Federation military forces and the Government of the Russian Federation have abducted, forcibly transferred, or facilitated the illegal deportation of at least 20,000 Ukrainian children.

(2) The Russian Federation’s abduction, forcible transfer, and facilitation of the illegal deportation of Ukrainian children has left countless children and families with devastating physical and psychological trauma.

(b) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that Congress—

(1) condemns the Russian Federation’s abduction, forcible transfer, and facilitation of the illegal deportation of Ukrainian children; and

(2) implores the Russian Federation to work with the international community to ensure the return, without delay, of all forcibly transferred Ukrainian children to their families.

Section 1234 of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116–283; 134 Stat. 3936) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(27) An assessment of the use by the Russian Federation of chemical weapons (including chemical munitions) during the preceding year, which shall include an assessment of each of the following:

(A) The use, as part of armed conflict, of any substance the use of which is prohibited by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons or any other chemicals the use of which is considered by the United States to be a violation of international obligations.

(B) The use of chemical weapons or agents to kill, maim, or incapacitate individuals outside an armed conflict.

(C) Any actions taken by the United States Government to hold the Russian Federation accountable for the actions described in subparagraphs (A) and (B).”.

(a) Purpose.— In addition to the purposes otherwise authorized for Foreign Military Financing with respect to the Philippines, the Secretary of State shall use the authorities under this section to—

(1) strengthen the United States-Philippines alliance in accordance with the historic agreement reached at the United States-Philippines 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue on August 2, 2024;

(2) enable the acceleration of phase three of the modernization of the Armed Forces of the Philippines;

(3) provide additional information to the Chairs of the United States-Philippine Bilateral Security Dialogue to enable planning and prioritization of Joint Capability Areas (JCA);

(4) support the execution of the Philippines-Security Sector Assistance Roadmap (P–SSAR); and

(5) provide assistance, including equipment, training, and other support, to modernize the defense capabilities of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in order to—

(A) safeguard the territorial sovereignty of the Philippines;

(B) improve maritime domain awareness;

(C) counter coercive military activities;

(D) improve the military and civilian infrastructure and capabilities necessary to prepare for regional contingencies; and

(E) strengthen cooperation between the United States and the Philippines on counterterrorism-related efforts.

(b) Annual spending plan.— Not later than March 1, 2026, and annually thereafter for a period of 4 years, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a plan describing how amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to subsection (e), if made available, would be used to achieve the purpose described in subsection (a).

(c) Annual report on enhancing the United States-Philippines defense relationship.—

(1) Report required.— Not later than 270 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter for a period of 4 years, the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, and in consultation with such other heads of Federal departments and agencies as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that describes steps taken to enhance the United States-Philippines defense relationship.

(2) Matters to be included.— Each report required under paragraph (1) shall include the following:

(A) A description of the capabilities and defense infrastructure improvements needed to modernize the defense capabilities of the Philippines, including with respect to—

(i) coastal defense;

(ii) long-range fires;

(iii) integrated air defenses;

(iv) maritime security;

(v) manned and unmanned aerial systems;

(vi) mechanized ground mobility vehicles;

(vii) intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance;

(viii) defensive cybersecurity;

(ix) military construction;

(x) maintenance and sustainment of military capabilities; and

(xi) any other defense capabilities that the Secretary of State determines, including jointly with the Philippines, are crucial to the defense of the Philippines.

(B) An assessment of the absorptive capacity of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, including the coast guard, over the next 5 years.

(C) A description of how statutory authorities under title 10, United States Code, including under section 333 of such title and authorities relating to unspecified minor military construction and overseas humanitarian, disaster, and civic aid, will be used to provide support for the Philippines-Security Sector Assistance Roadmap and the defense capabilities described in subparagraph (A), prioritized according to the assessment of the absorptive capacity of the Armed Forces of the Philippines required under subparagraph (B).

(3) Form.— Each report required under paragraph (1) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a classified annex.

(d) Foreign Military Financing loan and loan guarantee authority.—

(1) Direct loans.—

(A) In general.— During fiscal years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary of State may make direct loans available for the Philippines pursuant to section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763).

(B) Maximum obligations.— Gross obligations for the principal amounts of loans authorized under subparagraph (A) may not exceed $1,000,000,000.

(C) Source of funds.—

(i) Defined term.— In this subparagraph, the term cost—

(I) has the meaning given such term in section 502(5) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a(5));

(II) shall include the cost of modifying a loan authorized under subparagraph (A); and

(III) may include the costs of selling, reducing, or cancelling any amounts owed to the United States or to any agency of the United States.

(ii) In general.— Amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (e) may be made available to pay for the cost of loans authorized under subparagraph (A).

(D) Fees authorized.—

(i) In general.— The Government of the United States may charge processing and origination fees for a loan made pursuant to subparagraph (A), not to exceed the cost to the Government of making such loan, which shall be collected from borrowers through a financing account (as defined in section 502(7) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a(7)).

(ii) Limitation on fee payments.— Amounts made available under any appropriations Act for any fiscal year may not be used to pay any fees associated with a loan authorized under subparagraph (A).

(E) Repayment.— Loans made pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be repaid not later than 17 years after the loan is received by the borrower, including a grace period of not more than 1 year on repayment of principal.

(F) Interest.—

(i) In general.— Notwithstanding section 23(c)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2763(c)(1)), interest for loans made pursuant to subparagraph (A) may be charged at a rate determined by the Secretary of State.

(ii) Treatment of loan amounts used to pay interest.— Amounts made available under this paragraph for interest costs shall not be considered assistance for the purposes of any statutory limitation on assistance to a country.

(2) Loan guarantees.—

(A) In general.— Amounts authorized to be appropriated under subsection (e) may be made available for the costs of loan guarantees for the Philippines under section 24 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2764) for the Philippines to subsidize gross obligations for the principal amount of commercial loans and total loan principal, any part of which may be guaranteed.

(B) Maximum amounts.— Loan guarantees authorized under subparagraph (A)—

(i) may be made only to the extent that the total loan principal, any part of which is guaranteed, does not exceed $1,000,000,000; and

(ii) may not exceed 80 percent of the loan principal with respect to any single borrower.

(C) Subordination.— Any loan guaranteed pursuant to subparagraph (A) may not be subordinated to—

(i) another debt contracted by the borrower; or

(ii) any other claims against the borrower in the case of default.

(D) Repayment.— Repayment in United States dollars of any loan guaranteed under this paragraph shall be required not later than 17 years after the loan agreement is signed.

(E) Fees.— Notwithstanding section 24 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2764), the Government of the United States may charge processing and origination fees for a loan guarantee authorized under subparagraph (A), not to exceed the cost to the Government of such loan guarantee, which shall be collected from borrowers, or from third parties on behalf of such borrowers, through a financing account (as defined in section 502(7) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (2 U.S.C. 661a(7)).

(F) Treatments of loan guarantees.— Amounts made available under this paragraph for the costs of loan guarantees authorized under subparagraph (A) shall not be considered assistance for the purposes of any statutory limitation on assistance to a country.

(G) Commercial flexibility.— Loan guarantees authorized under subparagraph (A) may be provided to entities doing business inside or outside the United States, notwithstanding any provision of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) that would otherwise limit eligibility for such guarantees based on geographic location or business operations.

(3) Notification requirement.— Amounts authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection may not be expended without prior notification of the appropriate committees of Congress.

(e) Authorization of appropriations.—

(1) In general.— In addition to amounts otherwise authorized to be appropriated for Foreign Military Financing, there is authorized to be appropriated to the Department of State for Foreign Military Financing grant assistance for the Philippines up to $500,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.

(2) Training.— Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1), not less than $500,000 is authorized to be appropriated each fiscal year for one or more blanket order agreements for Foreign Military Financing training programs related to the defense needs of the Philippines.

(f) Sunset provision.— Assistance may not be provided under this section after September 30, 2035.

(g) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.— The term appropriate congressional committees means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the Committee on Armed Services, and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) Blanket order agreement.— The term blanket order agreement means an agreement between a foreign customer and the United States Government for a specific category of items or services (including training) that—

(A) does not include a definitive list of items or quantities; and

(B) specifies a dollar ceiling against which orders may be placed.

(a) Short titles.— This section may be cited as the “Combating PRC Overseas and Unlawful Networked Threats through Enhanced Resilience Act of 2025” or the “COUNTER Act of 2025”.

(b) Findings.— According to multiple sources, including the 2024 annual report to Congress, titled “Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China” and known informally as the “China Military Power Report”—

(1) the PRC is seeking to expand its overseas logistics and basing infrastructure to allow the PLA to project and sustain military power at greater distances;

(2) a global PLA logistics network could give the PRC increased capabilities to surveil or disrupt United States military operations;

(3) in August 2017, the PRC officially opened the first overseas PLA military base near the commercial port of Doraleh in Djibouti;

(4) in 2019, the PRC also attempted to acquire strategically important port infrastructure at Subic Bay in the Philippines, but was stopped by the Governments of the United States, the Philippines, and Japan, and by private investors;

(5) in April 2025, officials from the PRC and Cambodia officially inaugurated the China-Cambodia Ream Naval Base Joint Support and Training Center and celebrated the expansion of port facilities at Ream Naval Base, some of which appear to have been reserved for the use of PRC ships that have been continuously stationed at Ream Naval Base since December 2023; and

(6) in addition to the base in Djibouti and the PRC's access to the port at the Ream Naval Base in Cambodia, the PRC is likely pursuing access to additional military facilities to support naval, air, and ground forces projection in many countries.

(c) Sense of Congress.— While the executive branch has undertaken case-by-case efforts to forestall the establishment of new PRC permanent military presence in several countries, it is the sense of Congress that future efforts to counter the PRC's global basing intentions must—

(1) proceed with the urgency required to address the strategic implications of the PRC’s actions;

(2) reflect sufficient interagency coordination with respect to a problem that necessitates a whole-of-government approach;

(3) ensure that the United States Government maintains a proactive posture rather than a reactive posture in order to maximize strategic decision space;

(4) identify a comprehensive menu of actions that would be influential in shaping a partner’s decision making regarding giving the PRC military access to its sovereign territory;

(5) appropriately prioritize the subject of the PRC's global basing intentions within the context of the overall United States strategic competition with the PRC;

(6) consider how the PRC uses commercial and scientific cooperation as a guise for establishing access for the PLA and other PRC security forces in foreign countries;

(7) factor in the potential contributions of key allies and partners to help respond to the PRC's pursuit of global basing, many of which—

(A) have historic ties and influence in many of the geographic areas the PRC is targeting for potential future bases; and

(B) rely on the same basic intelligence picture to form our baseline understanding of the PRC’s global intentions;

(8) establish and ensure sufficient resourcing for enduring organizational structures and security and foreign assistance and cooperation efforts to effectively address the issue of PRC global basing intentions; and

(9) ensure that future force posture, freedom of movement, and other interests of the United States and our allies are not jeopardized by the continued expansion of PRC bases.

(d) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.— The term appropriate congressional committees means—

(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(B) the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate;

(C) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate;

(D) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(E) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;

(F) the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives;

(G) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and

(H) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2) PLA.— The term PLA means the People's Liberation Army of the PRC.

(3) PRC.— The term PRC means the People's Republic of China.

(4) PRC global basing.— The term PRC global basing means the establishment of physical locations outside the geographic boundaries of the PRC where the PRC maintains some element of the People’s Liberation Army, PRC intelligence or security forces, or infrastructure designed to support the presence of PRC military, intelligence, or security forces, for the purposes of potential power projection.

(e) Assessment of executive branch's C–PRC global basing strategy.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Director of National Intelligence shall submit an intelligence assessment, in classified form, if needed, to the appropriate congressional committees. The assessment shall analyze the risk posed by PRC global basing to the United States or to any United States allies with respect to their ability to project power, maintain freedom of movement, and protect other interests as a function of the PRC's current or potential locations identified pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(A).

(f) Strategy.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate senior Federal officials, shall submit a strategy to the appropriate congressional committees that contains the information described in paragraph (2).

(2) Contents.— The strategy required under paragraph (1) shall—

(A) identify not fewer than 5 locations that pose the greatest potential risks, as identified in the assessment required under subsection (e), where the PRC maintains a physical presence, or is suspected to be seeking a physical presence, which could ultimately transition into a PRC global base;

(B) include a comprehensive listing of executive branch entities currently involved in addressing aspects of PRC global basing, including estimated programmatic and personal resource requirements on an agency-by-agency basis to effectively address the issue of PRC global basing intentions, and any relevant resource constraints;

(C) describe in detail all executive branch efforts to mitigate the impacts to the national interests of the United States and partner countries of the locations referred to in subparagraph (A) and prevent the PRC from establishing new global bases, including with resources described in subparagraph (B); and

(D) for each of the locations referred to in subparagraph (A), identify the actions by the United States or its allies that would be most effective in ensuring the respective foreign governments terminate plans for hosting a PRC base.

(g) Task force.— Not later than 90 days after submitting the strategy described in subsection (f), the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense and other appropriate senior Federal officials, shall establish an interagency task force—

(1) to implement such strategy to counter the PRC’s efforts at the locations of chief concern; and

(2) to identify mitigation measures that would prevent the PRC from establishing new bases in locations beyond the locations of chief concern identified pursuant to subsection (f)(2)(A).

(h) Quadrennial reviews and reports.— Not later than 4 years after the submission of the strategy required under subsection (f), and not less frequently than once every 4 years thereafter, the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, the Director of National Intelligence, and other appropriate senior Federal officials, shall—

(1) conduct a review of the Executive Branch’s strategy and overall approach in response to the PRC global basing intentions; and

(2) submit the results of such review, including the information described in subsection (f)(2), to the appropriate congressional committees.

(a) In general.— The Secretary of Defense, in coordination with the Secretary of State, shall develop and implement a strategy to strengthen multilateral deterrence against regional aggression in the Indo-Pacific region by expanding multilateral coordination with United States allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Australia, including by enhancing multilateral access and basing agreements, command and control structures, intelligence-sharing, and exercises and operations.

(b) Elements.— The strategy required by subsection (a) shall—

(1) describe current activities and identify future actions to be taken over the next 5 years by the Department of Defense—

(A) to leverage reciprocal access agreements between the United States and allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Australia, to expand regional access for the military forces of such allies and partners, including for purposes of enhancing interoperability at locations across the Indo-Pacific region, pre-positioning munitions stockpiles, and jointly supporting and leveraging shared facilities, operational access, and infrastructure;

(B) to improve command and control structures enabling enhanced multilateral coordination with allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region, including through the Combined Coordination Center in the Philippines, the joint force headquarters of the United States in Japan, the Combined Forces Command in the Republic of Korea, and a potential combined coordination structure in Australia;

(C) to expand intelligence-sharing and maritime domain awareness among the United States and allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region, including through the Bilateral Intelligence Analysis Cell in Japan and the Combined Coordination Center in the Philippines; and

(D) to expand the scope and scale of multilateral military exercises and operations as well as basing infrastructure and posture in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly among the United States, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Philippines, and Australia, including more frequent combined maritime operations through the Taiwan Strait, the South China Sea, and the Aleutian Islands;

(2) fully consider strategic and operational contingencies for security of likely military and economic avenues of approach and trade routes across the South, Central, and North Indo-Pacific region; and

(3) address the conduct of operations in accordance with such strategic and operational contingencies.

(c) Submission.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees the written strategy required by subsection (a), including an identification of—

(1) any changes to funding or policy required to strengthen multilateral deterrence among the United States and allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific region against regional aggression; and

(2) any additional resources required to carry out specific initiatives described in subsection (b), such as expanding regional access to the military forces of such allies and partners, improving command and control structures, expanding intelligence-sharing and maritime domain awareness, and expanding the scope and scale of multilateral exercises and operations in the Indo-Pacific region.

(d) Interim report on implementation.— Not later than March 15, 2027, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the progress of the implementation of the strategy required by subsection (a), including any resource or authority gaps identified in the ability of the Department of Defense to implement the strategy.

(e) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Appropriate congressional committees.— The term appropriate congressional committees means—

(A) the congressional defense committees; and

(B) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

(2) Indo-Pacific Region.— The term Indo-Pacific region means—

(A) the geographical area encompassing the area of responsibility of the United States Indo-Pacific Command; and

(B) the Alaska theater of operations, including the entirety of the State of Alaska and the entirety of the oceans or other such maritime features bordering the State of Alaska.

This subtitle may be cited as the “AUKUS Improvement Act of 2025”.

Section 38(l) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(l)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(8) Exemption from certain requirements.—

(A) In general.— Defense articles sold by the United States under this Act, whether pursuant to the exemption authorized under this section or identical to defense articles eligible for export under that exemption, may be reexported, retransferred or temporarily imported exclusively between the Government of Australia, the Government of the United Kingdom, or entities eligible under section 126.7(b)(2) of title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations, notwithstanding the requirement for the consent of the President under section 3(a)(2) of this Act, or under section 505(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2314(a)(1)(B).

(B) Intra-company, intra-organizational, and intra-governmental transfers.— Intra-company, intra-organization, and intra-governmental transfers related to defense articles and defense services described under subparagraph (A) are authorized between officers, employees, and agents who satisfy section 120.64 of title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations, including dual or third country nationals who satisfy section 126.18 of title 22 of the Code of Federal Regulations, or successor regulations.”.

Manufacturing Licensing Agreements and Technical Licensing Agreements for Australia and the United Kingdom that do not involve defense articles that are not subject to the licensing exemption under section 38(l) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(l)) are not subject to the requirements for congressional notification pursuant to section 36(d) of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2776(d)).

(a) In general.— Section 1244 of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; 136 Stat. 2844) is amended—

(1) in the section heading, by striking “and Israel” and inserting “Israel, and the United States defense industrial base ”; and

(2) in subsection (a)—

(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “or Israel” each place it appears and inserting “Israel, or the United States defense industrial base”; and

(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “or Israel” each place it appears and inserting “Israel, or the United States defense industrial base”.

(b) Clerical amendments.—

(1) The table of contents at the beginning of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; 136 Stat. 2395) is amended by striking the item relating to section 1244 and inserting the following:

(2) The table of contents at the beginning of title XII of the James M. Inhofe National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2023 (Public Law 117–263; 136 Stat. 2820) is amended by striking the item relating to section 1244 and inserting the following:

(a) Disposition of weapons and materiel.— The President may treat as stocks of the United States any weapon or materiel seized by the United States while in transit from the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Houthis in the Republic of Yemen.

(b) Drawdown authority.— Section 506(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:

“(4) In addition to amounts otherwise specified in this section, the President may direct the drawdown of weapons and materiel treated as stocks of the United States, seized pursuant to section 126_(a) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2026, to be provided to foreign partners.”.

(c) Report.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to the appropriate committees of Congress a report that includes the following:

(1) The number of times the President exercised the authority under subsection (a).

(2) An inventory of the weapons and materiel treated as United States stocks pursuant to such authority.

(3) An inventory of the weapons and materiel provided to foreign partners pursuant to the authority provided in paragraph (4) of section 506(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2318(a)).

(d) Appropriate committees of Congress defined.— In this section, the term “appropriate committees of Congress” means—

(1) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; and

(2) the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives.

This subtitle may be cited as the “Taiwan Non-Discrimination Act of 2025”.

Congress finds as follows:

(1) As enshrined in its Articles of Agreement, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is devoted to promoting international monetary cooperation, facilitating the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, encouraging exchange stability, and avoiding competitive exchange depreciation.

(2) Taiwan is the 21st largest economy in the world and the 10th largest goods trading partner of the United States.

(3) Although Taiwan is not an IMF member, it is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Asian Development Bank, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.

(4) According to the January 2020 Report on Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States, published by the Department of the Treasury, Taiwan held $471,900,000,000 in foreign exchange reserves, more than major economies such as India, South Korea, and Brazil.

(5) According to section 4(d) of the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96–8), enacted on April 10, 1979, “Nothing in this Act may be construed as a basis for supporting the exclusion or expulsion of Taiwan from continued membership in any international financial institution or any other international organization.”.

(6) Taiwan held membership in the IMF for 9 years following the recognition of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) by the United Nations, and 16 Taiwan staff members at the Fund were allowed to continue their employment after the PRC was seated at the IMF in 1980. As James M. Boughton has noted in his Silent Revolution: The International Monetary Fund 1979–1989, even as the PRC was seated, the United States Executive Director to the IMF, Sam Y. Cross, expressed support on behalf of the United States Government for “some kind of association between Taiwan and the Fund”.

(7) On September 27, 1994, in testimony before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations regarding the 1994 Taiwan Policy Review, then-Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Winston Lord stated: “Recognizing Taiwan’s important role in transnational issues, we will support its membership in organizations where statehood is not a prerequisite, and we will support opportunities for Taiwan’s voice to be heard in organizations where its membership is not possible.”.

(8) The Congress has repeatedly reaffirmed support for this policy, including in Public Laws 107–10, 107–158, 108–28, 108–235, 113–17, and 114–139, and the unanimous House and Senate passage of the Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019.

(9) In its fact sheet, entitled “U.S. Relations with Taiwan”, published on August 31, 2018, the Department of State asserts: “The United States supports Taiwan’s membership in international organizations that do not require statehood as a condition of membership and encourages Taiwan’s meaningful participation in international organizations where its membership is not possible.”.

(10) According to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF, “membership shall be open to other countries”, subject to conditions prescribed by the Board of Governors of the IMF.

(11) In the IMF publication “Membership and Nonmembership in the International Monetary Fund: A Study in International Law and Organization”, Joseph Gold, the then-General Counsel and Director of the Legal Department of the IMF, elaborated on the differences between the terms countries and states, noting that “the word “country” may have been adopted because of the absence of agreement on the definition of a “state”” and, with respect to the use of “countries” and applications for IMF membership, “the absence of any adjective in the Articles emphasizes the breadth of the discretion that the Fund may exercise in admitting countries to membership”. According to Mr. Gold, “the desire to give the Fund flexibility in dealing with applications may explain not only the absence of any adjective that qualifies “countries” but also the choice of that word itself”.

(12) In his IMF study, Mr. Gold further observes, “in the practice of the Fund the concepts of independence and sovereignty have been avoided on the whole as a mode of expressing a criterion for membership in the Fund”. He continues, “Although the Fund usually takes into account the recognition or nonrecognition of an entity as a state, there are no rules or even informal understandings on the extent to which an applicant must have been recognized by members or other international organizations before the Fund will regard it as eligible for membership.”. In fact, when considering an application for membership where the status of an applicant may not be resolved, Mr. Gold writes “there have been occasions on which the Fund has made a finding before decisions had been taken by the United Nations or by most members or by members with a majority of the total voting power.” Mr. Gold concludes, “the Fund makes its own findings on whether an applicant is a “country”, and makes them solely for its own purposes.”.

(13) Although not a member state of the United Nations, the Republic of Kosovo is a member of both the IMF and the World Bank, having joined both organizations on June 29, 2009.

(14) On October 26, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken issued a statement in support of Taiwan’s “robust, meaningful participation” in the United Nations system, which includes the IMF, the World Bank, and other specialized United Nations agencies. Secretary of State Blinken noted, “As the international community faces an unprecedented number of complex and global issues, it is critical for all stakeholders to help address these problems. This includes the 24 million people who live in Taiwan. Taiwan’s meaningful participation in the UN system is not a political issue, but a pragmatic one.”. He continued, “Taiwan’s exclusion undermines the important work of the UN and its related bodies, all of which stand to benefit greatly from its contributions.”.

(15) In October 2024, Taiwan announced it would seek IMF membership, with the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States stating, “Taiwan’s membership at the IMF would help boost financial resilience.”.

It is the sense of the Congress that—

(1) the size, significance, and connectedness of the Taiwanese economy highlight the importance of greater participation by Taiwan in the International Monetary Fund, given the purposes of the Fund articulated in its Articles of Agreement; and

(2) the experience of Taiwan in developing a vibrant and advanced economy under democratic governance and the rule of law should inform the work of the international financial institutions, including through increased participation by Taiwan in the institutions.

(a) In general.— The United States Governor of the International Monetary Fund (in this section referred to as the “Fund”) shall use the voice and vote of the United States to vigorously support—

(1) the admission of Taiwan as a member of the Fund, to the extent that admission is sought by Taiwan;

(2) participation by Taiwan in regular surveillance activities of the Fund with respect to the economic and financial policies of Taiwan, consistent with Article IV consultation procedures of the Fund;

(3) employment opportunities for Taiwan nationals, without regard to any consideration that, in the determination of the United States Governor, does not generally restrict the employment of nationals of member countries of the Fund; and

(4) the ability of Taiwan to receive appropriate technical assistance and training by the Fund.

(b) United States policy.— It is the policy of the United States not to discourage or otherwise deter Taiwan from seeking admission as a member of the Fund.

(c) Waiver.— The Secretary of the Treasury may waive any requirement of subsection (a) for up to 1 year at a time on reporting to Congress that providing the waiver will substantially promote the objective of securing the meaningful participation of Taiwan at each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act).

(d) Sunset.— This section shall have no force or effect on the earlier of—

(1) the date of approval by the Board of Governors of the Fund for the admission of Taiwan as a member of the Fund; or

(2) the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.

In each of the next 7 years in which the Secretary of the Treasury is required by section 1705(b) of the International Financial Institutions Act to present testimony, the Secretary shall include in the testimony a description of the efforts of the United States to support the greatest participation practicable by Taiwan at each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of such Act).

(a) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the expansion of space domain awareness infrastructure, including advanced ground-based optical sensing capabilities, is essential to the operational testing and training architecture of the Space Force; and

(2) collaboration with academic institutions is critical to advancing electro-optical sensor research and development in support of national security objectives.

(b) Report.—

(1) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Air Force shall submit to the congressional defense committees a report on efforts by the Space Force to expand space domain awareness infrastructure.

(2) Elements.— The report required by paragraph (1) shall include, at a minimum—

(A) a description of current and planned infrastructure, equipment, and capability expansions;

(B) a summary of current and planned engagement with institutions of higher education that possess demonstrated expertise in space domain awareness, including electro-optical sensor development, tasking algorithms, and automation frameworks; and

(C) an assessment of the ability to integrate research and development from academic partners into operational testing and training environments in support of space domain awareness objectives.

The text of section 1507 is hereby deemed to read as follows:

“1507. Continuation of operation of Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.—

(a) In general.— The Secretary of Defense shall continue to operate the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and its existing functions and distribution capability, until the end of the functional life of the satellites in orbit as of the date of the enactment of this Act under such program.

(b) Briefing.— Not later than 60 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall provide to the congressional defense committees a briefing on—

(1) the status of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program;

(2) the requirements, capabilities, and costs for such program for fiscal year 2026;

(3) the projected costs—

(A) to carry out such program for the functional life of the satellites in orbit as of the date of the enactment of this Act under such program; and

(B) to replace the satellite functions under such program; and

(4) any cybersecurity concerns relating to the systems used to process the data under such program.”.

(a) Transfer.— Not later than the effective date set forth in subsection (d), the Director of National Intelligence and the Secretary of Defense shall take such actions as may be necessary for the Secretary of Defense to carry out the Foreign Languages Program, including such transfer of personnel, assets, and facilities from the Director to the Secretary as the Director and the Secretary jointly consider appropriate.

(b) Conforming amendment.— Part III of subtitle A of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new chapter:

“(a) In general.— The Secretary of Defense shall, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, carry out a program to advance skills in foreign languages that are critical to the capability of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to carry out the national security activities of the United States (hereinafter in this chapter referred to as the “Foreign Languages Program”).

(b) Identification of requisite actions.— In order to carry out the Foreign Languages Program, the Secretary of Defense shall identify actions required to improve the education of personnel in the Defense Intelligence Enterprise in foreign languages that are critical to the capability of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to carry out the national security activities of the United States and to meet the long-term intelligence needs of the United States.

(a) In general.— In carrying out the Foreign Languages Program, the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may enter into one or more education partnership agreements with educational institutions in the United States in order to encourage and enhance the study in such educational institutions of foreign languages that are critical to the capability of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to carry out the national security activities of the United States.

(b) Assistance provided under educational partnership agreements.— Under an educational partnership agreement entered into with an educational institution pursuant to this section, the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may provide the following assistance to the educational institution:

(1) The loan of equipment and instructional materials of the element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to the educational institution for any purpose and duration that the head of the element considers appropriate.

(2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law relating to the transfer of surplus property, the transfer to the educational institution of any computer equipment, or other equipment, that is—

(A) commonly used by educational institutions;

(B) surplus to the needs of the element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise; and

(C) determined by the head of the element to be appropriate for support of such agreement.

(3) The provision of dedicated personnel to the educational institution—

(A) to teach courses in foreign languages that are critical to the capability of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to carry out the national security activities of the United States; or

(B) to assist in the development for the educational institution of courses and materials on such languages.

(4) The involvement of faculty and students of the educational institution in research projects of the element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise.

(5) Cooperation with the educational institution in developing a program under which students receive academic credit at the educational institution for work on research projects of the element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise.

(6) The provision of academic and career advice and assistance to students of the educational institution.

(7) The provision of cash awards and other items that the head of the element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise considers appropriate.

(a) Authority to accept services.— Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, and subject to subsection (b), the Foreign Languages Program under section 2200m shall include authority for the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to accept from any dedicated personnel voluntary services in support of the activities authorized by this subtitle.

(b) Requirements and limitations.—

(1) In accepting voluntary services from an individual under subsection (a), the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise shall—

(A) supervise the individual to the same extent as the head of the element would supervise a compensated employee of that element providing similar services; and

(B) ensure that the individual is licensed, privileged, has appropriate educational or experiential credentials, or is otherwise qualified under applicable law or regulations to provide such services.

(2) In accepting voluntary services from an individual under subsection (a), the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may not—

(A) place the individual in a policymaking position, or other position performing inherently governmental functions; or

(B) compensate the individual for the provision of such services.

(c) Authority to recruit and train individuals providing services.— The head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may recruit and train individuals to provide voluntary services under subsection (a).

(d) Status of individuals providing services.—

(1) Subject to paragraph (2), while providing voluntary services under subsection (a) or receiving training under subsection (c), an individual shall be considered to be an employee of the Federal Government only for purposes of the following provisions of law:

(A) Section 552a of title 5 (relating to maintenance of records on individuals).

(B) Chapter 11 of title 18 (relating to conflicts of interest).

(2)

(A) With respect to voluntary services under paragraph (1) provided by an individual that are within the scope of the services accepted under that paragraph, the individual shall be deemed to be a volunteer of a governmental entity or nonprofit institution for purposes of the Volunteer Protection Act of 1997 (42 U.S.C. 14501 et seq.).

(B) In the case of any claim against such an individual with respect to the provision of such services, section 4(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 14503(d)) shall not apply.

(3) Acceptance of voluntary services under this section shall have no bearing on the issuance or renewal of a security clearance.

(e) Reimbursement of incidental expenses.—

(1) The head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may reimburse an individual for incidental expenses incurred by the individual in providing voluntary services under subsection (a). The head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise shall determine which expenses are eligible for reimbursement under this subsection.

(2) Reimbursement under paragraph (1) may be made from appropriated or nonappropriated funds.

(f) Authority to install equipment.—

(1) The head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may install telephone lines and any necessary telecommunication equipment in the private residences of individuals who provide voluntary services under subsection (a).

(2) The head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may pay the charges incurred for the use of equipment installed under paragraph (1) for authorized purposes.

(3) Notwithstanding section 1348 of title 31, United States Code, the head of a covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise may use appropriated funds or nonappropriated funds of the element in carrying out this subsection.

(a) In general.— The Secretary of Defense shall, in coordination with the Director of National Intelligence, prescribe regulations to carry out the Foreign Languages Program.

(b) Elements of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise.— The head of each covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise shall prescribe regulations to carry out sections 2200n and 2200o with respect to that element including the following:

(1) Procedures to be utilized for the acceptance of voluntary services under section 2200o.

(2) Procedures and requirements relating to the installation of equipment under section 2200o(f).

In this chapter:

(1) The term covered element of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise means an agency, office, bureau, or element referred to in subparagraph (B) of section 426(b)(4) of this title.

(2) The term dedicated personnel means employees of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise and private citizens (including former civilian employees of the Federal Government who have been voluntarily separated, and members of the United States Armed Forces who have been honorably discharged, honorably separated, or generally discharged under honorable circumstances and rehired on a voluntary basis specifically to perform the activities authorized under this subtitle).

(3) The term Defense Intelligence Enterprise has the meaning given such term in section 426(b)(4) of this title.

(4) The term educational institution means—

(A) a local educational agency (as that term is defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965);

(B) an institution of higher education (as defined in section 102 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1002) other than institutions referred to in subsection (a)(1)(C) of such section); or

(C) any other nonprofit institution that provides instruction of foreign languages in languages that are critical to the capability of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise to carry out national security activities of the United States.”.

(c) Conforming repeals.—

(1) Conforming amendments.— Title X of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3191 et seq.) is amended by striking subtitle B (50 U.S.C. 3201 et seq.).

(2) Clerical amendments.— The table of contents for such Act, in the matter preceding section 2 of such Act, is amended by striking the items relating to subtitle B of title X.

(d) Effective date.— The amendments made by this section shall take effect on the date that is 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) Strategy required.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Defense shall, in coordination with the Chief Information Officer of the Department of Defense, submit to the congressional defense committees a strategy on quantum readiness. Such strategy shall include each of the following:

(1) An assessment of the risks that quantum computing pose to Department of Defense systems and data.

(2) A determination of which Department systems and data are most vulnerable to quantum threats and critical to protect, and timelines for the transition of such systems and data.

(3) An identification of the progress made by organizations and elements of the Department of Defense in inventorying and migrating all cryptographic systems to post-quantum cryptography by 2035 or earlier.

(4) A plan to adopt and deploy automated quantum readiness platform tools, including capabilities that—

(A) provide continuous visibility into an organization's cryptographic landscape;

(B) automate the prioritization of cryptographic risks; and