Digital Asset Market Clarity Act

(a) Findings.— Congress finds the following:

(1) Entrepreneurs and innovators are building and deploying this next generation of the internet.

(2) Digital commodity networks represent a new way for people to join together and cooperate with one another to undertake certain activities.

(3) Digital commodities have the potential to be the foundational building blocks of these systems, aligning the economic incentive for individuals to cooperate with one another to achieve a common purpose.

(4) The digital commodity ecosystem has the potential to grow our economy and improve everyday lives of Americans by facilitating collaboration through the use of technology to manage activities, allocate resources, and facilitate decision making.

(5) Blockchain systems and the digital commodities they empower provide control, enhance transparency, reduce transaction costs, and increase efficiency if proper protections are put in place for investors, consumers, our financial system, and our national security.

(6) Blockchain technology facilitates new types of network participation which businesses in the United States may utilize in innovative ways.

(7) Other digital commodity companies are setting up their operations outside of the United States, where countries are establishing frameworks to embrace the potential of blockchain technology and digital commodities and provide safeguards for consumers.

(8) Digital commodities, despite the purported anonymity, provide law enforcement with an exceptional tracing tool to identify illicit activity and bring criminals to justice.

(9) The Financial Services Committee of the House of Representatives has held multiple hearings highlighting various risks that digital commodities can pose to the financial markets, consumers, and investors that must be addressed as we seek to harness the benefits of these innovations.

(b) Sense of Congress.— It is the sense of Congress that—

(1) the United States should seek to prioritize understanding the potential opportunities of the next generation of the internet;

(2) the United States should seek to foster advances in technology that have robust evidence indicating they can improve our financial system and create more fair and equitable access to financial services for everyday Americans while protecting our financial system, investors, and consumers;

(3) the United States must support the responsible development of digital commodities and the underlying technology in the United States or risk the shifting of the development of such assets and technology outside of the United States, to less regulated countries;

(4) Congress should consult with public and private sector stakeholders to understand how to enact a functional framework tailored to the specific risks and unique benefits of different digital commodity-related activities, distributed ledger technology, distributed networks, and mature blockchain systems;

(5) Congress should enact a functional framework tailored to the specific risks of different digital commodity-related activities and unique benefits of distributed ledger technology, distributed networks, and mature blockchain systems; and

(6) consumers and market participants will benefit from a framework for digital commodities consistent with longstanding investor protections in securities and commodities markets, yet tailored to the unique benefits and risks of the digital commodity ecosystem.

Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78d) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(k) Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology.—

(1) Establishment.— Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the Securities and Exchange Commission shall establish a committee to be known as the Strategic Hub for Innovation and Financial Technology (referred to in this subsection as the “FinHub”) to support engagement on emerging technologies in the financial sector.

(2) Members.— The composition of FinHub shall be determined by the Commission, drawing from relevant divisions as appropriate, including the Division of Trading and Markets, Division of Corporate Finance, and Division of Investment Management.

(3) Responsibilities.— FinHub shall—

(A) serve as a resource for the Commission on emerging financial technology advancements;

(B) engage with market participants working on emerging financial technologies; and

(C) facilitate communication between the Commission and businesses working in emerging financial technology fields with information on the Commission, its rules, and regulations.

(4) Report to the Commission.—

(A) In general.— Not later than October 31 of each year after 2025, FinHub shall provide an annual summary of its engagement activities to the Commission, which shall be included in the Commission’s annual report to Congress.

(B) Confidentiality.— Each report submitted under this paragraph shall not contain confidential information.”.

(a) In general.— Section 18 of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 22) is amended by adding at the end the following:

“(c) LabCFTC.—

(1) Establishment.— There is established in the Commission LabCFTC.

(2) Purpose.— The purposes of LabCFTC are to—

(A) promote responsible financial technology innovation and fair competition for the benefit of the American public;

(B) serve as an information platform to inform the Commission about new financial technology innovation; and

(C) provide outreach to financial technology innovators to discuss their innovations and the regulatory framework established by this Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

(3) Director.— LabCFTC shall have a Director, who shall be appointed by the Commission and serve at the pleasure of the Commission. Notwithstanding section 2(a)(6)(A), the Director shall report directly to the Commission and perform such functions and duties as the Commission may prescribe.

(4) Duties.— LabCFTC shall—

(A) advise the Commission with respect to rulemakings or other agency or staff action regarding financial technology;

(B) provide internal education and training to the Commission regarding financial technology;

(C) advise the Commission regarding financial technology that would bolster the Commission’s oversight functions;

(D) engage with academia, students, and professionals on financial technology issues, ideas, and technology relevant to activities under this Act;

(E) provide persons working in emerging technology fields with information on the Commission, its rules and regulations, and the role of a registered futures association; and

(F) encourage persons working in emerging technology fields to engage with the Commission and obtain feedback from the Commission on potential regulatory issues.

(5) Report to Congress.—

(A) In general.— Not later than October 31 of each year after 2025, LabCFTC shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report on its activities.

(B) Contents.— Each report required under paragraph (1) shall include—

(i) the total number of persons that met with LabCFTC;

(ii) a summary of general issues discussed during meetings with the person;

(iii) information on steps LabCFTC has taken to improve Commission services, including responsiveness to the concerns of persons;

(iv) recommendations made to the Commission with respect to the regulations, guidance, and orders of the Commission and such legislative actions as may be appropriate; and

(v) any other information determined appropriate by the Director of LabCFTC.

(C) Confidentiality.— A report under paragraph (A) shall abide by the confidentiality requirements in section 8.

(6) Records and engagement.— The Commission shall—

(A) maintain systems of records to track engagements with the public through LabCFTC;

(B) store communications and materials received in connection with any such engagement in accordance with Commission policies and procedures on data retention and confidentiality; and

(C) take reasonable steps to protect any confidential or proprietary information received through LabCFTC engagement.”.

(b) Conforming amendments.— Section 2(a)(6)(A) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 2(a)(6)(A)) is amended—

(1) by striking “paragraph and in” and inserting “paragraph,”; and

(2) by inserting “and section 18(c)(3),” before “the executive”.

(c) Effective date.— The Commodity Futures Trading Commission shall implement the amendments made by this section (including complying with section 18(c)(7) of the Commodity Exchange Act) within 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.

(a) In general.— The Commodity Futures Trading Commission, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Secretary of the Treasury shall jointly carry out a study on decentralized finance that analyzes—

(1) the nature, size, role, and use of decentralized finance blockchain applications;

(2) the operation of blockchain applications that comprise decentralized finance;

(3) the interoperability of blockchain applications and other blockchain systems;

(4) the interoperability of blockchain applications and software-based systems, including websites and wallets;

(5) the decentralized governance systems through which blockchain applications may be developed, published, constituted, administered, maintained, or otherwise distributed, including—

(A) whether the systems enhance or detract from—

(i) the decentralization of the decentralized finance; and

(ii) the inherent benefits and risks of the decentralized governance system; and

(B) any procedures, requirements, or best practices that would mitigate the risks identified in subparagraph (A)(ii);

(6) the benefits of decentralized finance, including—

(A) operational resilience and availability of blockchain systems;

(B) interoperability of blockchain systems;

(C) market competition and innovation;

(D) transaction efficiency;

(E) transparency and traceability of transactions; and

(F) disintermediation;

(7) the risks of decentralized finance, including—

(A) pseudonymity of users and transactions;

(B) disintermediation; and

(C) cybersecurity vulnerabilities;

(8) the extent to which decentralized finance has integrated with the traditional financial markets and any potential risks or improvements to the stability of the markets;

(9) how the levels of illicit activity in decentralized finance compare with the levels of illicit activity in traditional financial markets;

(10) methods for addressing illicit activity in decentralized finance and traditional markets that are tailored to the unique attributes of each;

(11) how decentralized finance may increase the accessibility of cross-border transactions; and

(12) the feasibility of embedding self-executing compliance and risk controls into decentralized finance.

(b) Consultation.— In carrying out the study required under subsection (a), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall consult with the Secretary of the Treasury on the factors described under paragraphs (7) through (10) of subsection (a).

(c) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly submit to the relevant congressional committees a report that includes the results of the study required by subsection (a).

(d) GAO Study.— The Comptroller General of the United States shall—

(1) carry out a study on decentralized finance that analyzes the information described under paragraphs (1) through (12) of subsection (a); and

(2) not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, submit to the relevant congressional committees a report that includes the results of the study required by paragraph (1).

(e) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Decentralized finance.—

(A) In general.— The term decentralized finance means blockchain applications (including decentralized finance trading protocols and related decentralized finance messaging systems) that allow users to engage in financial transactions in a self-directed manner so that a third-party intermediary does not effectuate the transactions or take custody of digital commodities of a user during any part of the transactions.

(B) Relationship to excluded activities.— The term decentralized finance shall not be interpreted to limit or exclude any activity from the activities described in section 15I(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or section 4v(a) of the Commodity Exchange Act.

(2) Relevant congressional committees.— The term relevant congressional committees means—

(A) the Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(a) In general.— The Comptroller General of the United States shall carry out a study of non-fungible tokens that analyzes—

(1) the nature, size, role, purpose, and use of non-fungible tokens;

(2) the similarities and differences between non-fungible tokens and other digital commodities, including digital commodities and permitted payment stablecoins, and how the markets for those digital commodities intersect with each other;

(3) how non-fungible tokens are minted by issuers and subsequently administered to purchasers;

(4) how non-fungible tokens are stored after being purchased by a consumer;

(5) the interoperability of non-fungible tokens between different blockchain systems;

(6) the scalability of different non-fungible tokens marketplaces;

(7) the benefits of non-fungible tokens, including verifiable digital ownership;

(8) the risks of non-fungible tokens, including—

(A) intellectual property rights;

(B) cybersecurity risks; and

(C) market risks;

(9) whether and how non-fungible tokens have integrated with traditional marketplaces, including those for music, real estate, gaming, events, and travel;

(10) whether and how non-fungible tokens can be used to facilitate commerce or other activities through the representation of documents, identification, contracts, licenses, and other commercial, government, or personal records;

(11) any potential risks to traditional markets from such integration; and

(12) the levels and types of illicit activity in non-fungible tokens markets.

(b) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General, shall make publicly available a report that includes the results of the study required by subsection (a).

(a) In general.— The Commodity Futures Trading Commission with the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly conduct a study to identify—

(1) the existing level of financial literacy among retail digital commodity holders, including subgroups of investors identified by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission with the Securities and Exchange Commission;

(2) methods to improve the timing, content, and format of financial literacy materials regarding digital commodities provided by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission;

(3) methods to improve coordination between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission with other agencies, including the Financial Literacy and Education Commission as well as nonprofit organizations and State and local jurisdictions, to better disseminate financial literacy materials;

(4) the efficacy of current financial literacy efforts with a focus on rural communities and communities with majority minority populations;

(5) the most useful and understandable relevant information, including clear disclosures, that retail digital commodity holders need to make informed financial decisions before engaging with or purchasing a digital commodity or service that is typically sold to retail investors of digital commodities;

(6) the most effective public-private partnerships in providing financial literacy regarding digital commodities to consumers;

(7) the most relevant metrics to measure successful improvement of the financial literacy of an individual after engaging with financial literacy efforts; and

(8) in consultation with the Financial Literacy and Education Commission, a strategy (including to the extent practicable, measurable goals and objectives) to increase financial literacy of investors regarding digital commodities.

(b) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly submit a written report on the study required by subsection (a) to the Committees on Financial Services and on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(a) In general.— The Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly conduct a study to assess whether additional guidance or rules are necessary to facilitate the development of tokenized securities and derivatives products, and to the extent such guidance or rules would foster the development of fair and orderly financial markets, be necessary or appropriate in the public interest, and be consistent with the protection of investors and customers.

(b) Report.—

(1) Time limit.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission shall jointly submit to the relevant congressional committees a report that includes the results of the study required by subsection (a).

(2) Relevant congressional committees defined.— In this section, the term relevant congressional committees means—

(A) the Committees on Financial Services and on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

(a) Study required.— The Secretary of the Treasury shall conduct a study on the potential use of blockchain technology by the domestic private sector to address—

(1) fraud in payments;

(2) transaction costs and transaction times;

(3) automated payments; and

(4) efficiency in commercial transactions.

(b) Report to Congress.— Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit a report to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate that summarizes the findings of the study required under subsection (a).

(c) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to mandate the use of blockchain technology by any public or private entity.

(a) In general.— One year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, shall conduct a comprehensive review of how Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Transnational Criminal Syndicates utilize digital assets in connection with illicit activities.

(b) Report.— Not later than 180 days after completing the review under subsection (a), the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue a report to the Committees on Agriculture and on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committees on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate on the findings of the Secretary, including—

(1) an assessment of how Foreign Terrorist Organizations and Transnational Criminal Syndicates utilize digital assets in connection with illicit activities; and

(2) recommendations to assist the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission in strengthening compliance and enforcement of digital assets-related entities registered with their respective agencies.

(a) In general.— The Comptroller General of the United States, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall conduct a study to—

(1) assess the risks posed by centralized intermediaries that are primarily located in foreign jurisdictions that provide services to U.S. persons without regulatory requirements that are substantially similar to the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act; and

(2) provide any regulatory or legislative recommendations to address these risks under paragraph (1).

(b) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General shall issue a report to Congress containing all findings and determinations made in carrying out the study required under subsection (a).

(a) In general.— The Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and the Securities and Exchange Commission, shall, not later than 1 year after date of the enactment of this section, conduct a study and submit a report to the relevant congressional committees that—

(1) identifies any digital commodity registrants which are owned by governments of foreign adversaries;

(2) determines whether any governments of foreign adversaries are collecting trading data about United States persons in the digital commodity markets; and

(3) evaluates whether any proprietary intellectual property of digital commodity registrants is being misused or stolen by any governments of foreign adversaries.

(b) GAO study and report.—

(1) In general.— The Comptroller General shall, not later than 1 year after date of the enactment of this section, conduct a study and submit a report to the relevant congressional committees that—

(A) identifies any digital commodity registrants which are owned by governments of foreign adversaries;

(B) determines whether any governments of foreign adversaries are collecting trading data about United States persons in the digital commodity markets; and

(C) evaluates whether any proprietary intellectual property of digital commodity registrants is being misused or stolen by any governments of foreign adversaries.

(c) Definitions.— In this section:

(1) Digital commodity registrant.— The term digital commodity registrant means any person required to register as a digital commodity exchange, digital commodity broker, or digital commodity dealer under the Commodity Exchange Act.

(2) Foreign adversaries.— The term foreign adversaries means the foreign governments and foreign non-government persons determined by the Secretary of Commerce to be foreign adversaries under section 7.4(a) of title 15, Code of Federal Regulations.

(3) Relevant congressional committees.— The term relevant congressional committees means—

(A) the Committees on Financial Services and Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(B) the Committees on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs and Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate.

The GENIUS Act is amended—

(1) in section 2, by amending paragraph (7) to read as follows:

“(7) Digital asset service provider.— The term “digital asset service provider” means any entity registered or required to be registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.”;

(2) in section 4(a)—

(A) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:

“(3) Monthly certification; examination of reports by registered public accounting firm.—

(A) In general.— A permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall, each month, have the information disclosed in the previous month-end report required under paragraph (1)(C) examined by a registered public accounting firm and such examination shall be performed in accordance with standards for attestation engagements issued or adopted by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator or, in the case of a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, the State payment stablecoin regulator.

(B) Certification.— Each month, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall submit to, as applicable, the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator or, in the case of a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, the State payment stablecoin regulator, a certification that, based on such officers’ knowledge, the previous monthly report required under paragraph (1)(C)—

(i) does not contain any untrue statement of material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading; and

(ii) fairly presented in all material respects the information required under paragraph (1)(C) for the period presented in such report.

(C) Criminal penalty.— Any person who submits a certification required under subparagraph (B) knowing that such certification is false shall be subject to the same criminal penalties as those set forth under section 1350(c) of title 18, United States Code.

(D) Internal controls over permitted payment stablecoin issuer’s requirements.—

(i) In general.— Management of a permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall establish and maintain an adequate internal control structure and procedures for the requirements under this paragraph and paragraphs (1) and (2) in accordance with a framework determined acceptable by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator or, in the case of a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, the State payment stablecoin regulator.

(ii) Attestation report.— A permitted payment stablecoin issuer shall obtain an annual attestation report by an independent registered public accounting firm attesting to management’s assertions concerning the effectiveness of the internal control structure and procedures for compliance with the requirements described in this paragraph and paragraphs (1) and (2). Such attestation shall be made in accordance with standards for attestation engagements issued or adopted by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulator or, in the case of a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer, the State payment stablecoin regulator.”; and

(B) by amending paragraph (12) to read as follows:

“(12) Non-financial companies.—

(A) Prohibition on non-financial company ownership.— It shall be unlawful for a company that derives a majority of its revenues from activities that are not financial activities to retain or acquire control of a nonbank entity that is—

(i) a Federal qualified payment stablecoin issuer; or

(ii) a State qualified payment stablecoin issuer.

(B) Financial activities defined.—

(i) In general.— In this paragraph, the term “financial activities” means—

(I) a financial activity, within the meaning of section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (12 U.S.C. 1843(k));

(II) issuing, redeeming, providing custodial or safekeeping services for, buying, selling, making a market in, or managing a reserve for payment stablecoins;

(III) providing electronic wallet services for payment stablecoins; or

(IV) an activity determined by the Board to be a financial activity pursuant to clause (ii).

(ii) Establishing additional financial activities.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the CLARITY Act of 2025, the Board, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller, shall issue rules, consistent with the purposes of this Act, to establish—

(I) a list of additional activities that are financial activities for purposes of clause (i), including applicable digital asset activities that are financial activities; and

(II) a streamlined procedure for a nonbank entity to submit an activity to the Board for purposes of the Board determining whether such activity should be added to the list of additional activities that are financial activities for purposes of clause (i).”; and

(3) by adding at the end the following:

“21. Commodity-backed payment stablecoins.—

(a) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this Act shall be construed to prohibit or limit a commodity-backed payment stablecoin issuer from issuing a commodity-backed payment stablecoin in accordance with regulations established by a State commodity-backed payment stablecoin regulator.

(b) Preservation of Federal authority.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to alter or limit the jurisdiction of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission over any matter within the Commission’s authority under applicable law.

(c) Definitions.— For purposes of this section:

(1) Commodity-backed payment stablecoin.— The term “commodity-backed payment stablecoin” means a digital asset—

(A) that is, or is designed to be, used as a means of payment or settlement;

(B) that is denominated in a highly liquid, publicly traded physical commodity, such as gold;

(C) the issuer of which is obligated to—

(i) convert, redeem, or repurchase for a fixed amount of the denominated highly liquid, publicly traded physical commodity; and

(ii) custody or cause to be custodied, for the benefit of the holders of the payment stablecoin, an amount of the physical commodity equal to or greater than the total amount of outstanding payment stablecoins, for the purpose of converting, redeeming, or repurchasing the digital asset; and

(D) that is not—

(i) a security issued by—

(I) an investment company registered under section 8(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a–8(a)); or

(II) a person that would be an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940 but for paragraphs (1) and (7) of section 3(c) of that Act (15 U.S.C. 80a-3(c));

(ii) a deposit (as defined under section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (12 U.S.C. 1813)), regardless of the technology used to record such deposit;

(iii) an account (as defined in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union Act (12 U.S.C. 1752)), regardless of the technology used to record such account; or

(iv) an interest or participation in a commodity pool (as defined in section 1a(10) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1a)).

(2) Commodity-backed payment stablecoin issuer.— The term “commodity-backed payment stablecoin issuer” means—

(A) an entity that issues a commodity-backed payment stablecoin; and

(B) an entity that is approved to issue such commodity-backed payment stablecoins by a State commodity-backed payment stablecoin regulator.

(3) Physical commodity.— The term “physical commodity” means any exempt commodity (as defined in section 1a(21) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1a)) which can be physically delivered.

(4) State commodity-backed payment stablecoin regulator.— The term “State commodity-backed payment stablecoin regulator” means a State agency that has primary regulatory and supervisory authority over entities that issue commodity-backed payment stablecoins in such State.

22. Protection of self-custody.—

(a) In general.— A United States individual shall retain the right to—

(1) maintain a hardware wallet or software wallet for the purpose of facilitating the individual’s own lawful custody of digital assets; and

(2) engage in direct, peer-to-peer transactions in digital assets with another individual or entity for the individual’s own lawful purposes using a hardware wallet or software wallet, if—

(A) such other individual or entity is not a financial institution (as defined in section 5312 of title 31, United States Code); and

(B) the transactions do not involve any property or interests in property that are blocked pursuant to, or are otherwise prohibited by, United States sanctions.

(b) Application.— This section—

(1) applies solely to personal use by individuals; and

(2) does not apply to individuals acting in a custodial or fiduciary capacity for others.

(c) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury, the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, or the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators to carry out any enforcement action or special measure authorized under applicable law, including—

(1) the Bank Secrecy Act, section 9714 of the Combating Russian Money Laundering Act (31 U.S.C. 5318A note), and section 7213A of the Fentanyl Sanctions Act (21 U.S.C. 2313a); or

(2) any other law relating to illicit finance, money laundering, terrorism financing, or United States sanctions.”.