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H.R. 1 · House bill · 119th Congress
This act reduces taxes, reduces or increases spending for various federal programs, increases the statutory debt limit, and otherwise addresses agencies and programs throughout the federal government.
The table of contents of this Act is as follows:
(a) In general.— Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended by striking subsection (u) and inserting the following:
“(u) Thrifty food plan.—
(1) In general.— The term thrifty food plan means the diet required to feed a family of 4 persons consisting of a man and a woman ages 20 through 50, a child ages 6 through 8, and a child ages 9 through 11 using the items and quantities of food described in the report of the Department of Agriculture entitled “Thrifty Food Plan, 2021”, and each successor report updated pursuant to this subsection, subject to the conditions that—
(A) the relevant market baskets of the thrifty food plan shall only be changed pursuant to paragraph (4);
(B) the cost of the thrifty food plan shall be the basis for uniform allotments for all households, regardless of the actual composition of the household; and
(C) the cost of the thrifty food plan may only be adjusted in accordance with this subsection.
(2) Household adjustments.— The Secretary shall make household adjustments using the following ratios of household size as a percentage of the maximum 4-person allotment:
(A) For a 1-person household, 30 percent.
(B) For a 2-person household, 55 percent.
(C) For a 3-person household, 79 percent.
(D) For a 4-person household, 100 percent.
(E) For a 5-person household, 119 percent.
(F) For a 6-person household, 143 percent.
(G) For a 7-person household, 158 percent.
(H) For an 8-person household, 180 percent.
(I) For a household of 9 persons or more, an additional 22 percent per person, which additional percentage shall not total more than 200 percent.
(3) Allowable cost adjustments.— The Secretary shall—
(A) make cost adjustments in the thrifty food plan for Hawaii and the urban and rural parts of Alaska to reflect the cost of food in Hawaii and urban and rural Alaska;
(B) make cost adjustments in the separate thrifty food plans for Guam and the Virgin Islands of the United States to reflect the cost of food in those States, but not to exceed the cost of food in the 50 States and the District of Columbia; and
(C) on October 1, 2025, and on each October 1 thereafter, adjust the cost of the thrifty food plan to reflect changes in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor, for the most recent 12-month period ending in June.
(4) Re-evaluation of market baskets.—
(A) Re-evaluation.— Not earlier than October 1, 2027, the Secretary may re-evaluate the market baskets of the thrifty food plan based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance.
(B) Cost neutrality.— The Secretary shall not increase the cost of the thrifty food plan based on a re-evaluation under this paragraph.”.
(b) Conforming amendments.—
(1) Section 16(c)(1)(A)(ii)(II) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025(c)(1)(A)(ii)(II)) is amended by striking “section 3(u)(4)” and inserting “section 3(u)(3)”.
(2) Section 19(a)(2)(A)(ii) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2028(a)(2)(A)(ii)) is amended by striking “section 3(u)(4)” and inserting “section 3(u)(3)”.
(3) Section 27(a)(2) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036(a)(2))) is amended by striking “section 3(u)(4)” each place it appears and inserting “section 3(u)(3)”.
(a) Exceptions.— Section 6(o) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(o)) is amended by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
“(3) Exceptions.— Paragraph (2) shall not apply to an individual if the individual is—
(A) under 18, or over 65, years of age;
(B) medically certified as physically or mentally unfit for employment;
(C) a parent or other member of a household with responsibility for a dependent child under 14 years of age;
(D) otherwise exempt under subsection (d)(2);
(E) a pregnant woman;
(F) an Indian or an Urban Indian (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (13) and (28) of section 4 of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act); or
(G) a California Indian described in section 809(a) of the Indian Health Care Improvement Act.”.
(b) Standardizing enforcement.— Section 6(o)(4) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(o)(4)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:
“(ii) is in a noncontiguous State and has an unemployment rate that is at or above 1.5 times the national unemployment rate.”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) Definition of noncontiguous state.—
(i) In general.— In this paragraph, the term noncontiguous State means a State that is not 1 of the contiguous 48 States or the District of Columbia.
(ii) Exclusions.— The term noncontiguous State does not include Guam or the Virgin Islands of the United States.”.
(c) Waiver for noncontiguous states.— Section 6(o) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(o)) is amended—
(1) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (8); and
(2) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following:
“(7) Exemption for noncontiguous States.—
(A) Definition of noncontiguous State.—
(i) In general.— In this paragraph, the term noncontiguous State means a State that is not 1 of the contiguous 48 States or the District of Columbia.
(ii) Exclusions.— In this paragraph, the term noncontiguous State does not include Guam or the Virgin Islands of the United States.
(B) Exemption.— Subject to subparagraph (D), the Secretary may exempt individuals in a noncontiguous State from compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2) if—
(i) the State agency submits to the Secretary a request for that exemption, made in such form and at such time as the Secretary may require, and including the information described in subparagraph (C); and
(ii) the Secretary determines that based on that request, the State agency is demonstrating a good faith effort to comply with the requirements of paragraph (2).
(C) Good faith effort determination.— In determining whether a State agency is demonstrating a good faith effort for purposes of subparagraph (B)(ii), the Secretary shall consider—
(i) any actions taken by the State agency toward compliance with the requirements of paragraph (2);
(ii) any significant barriers to or challenges in meeting those requirements, including barriers or challenges relating to funding, design, development, procurement, or installation of necessary systems or resources;
(iii) the detailed plan and timeline of the State agency for achieving full compliance with those requirements, including any milestones (as defined by the Secretary); and
(iv) any other criteria determined appropriate by the Secretary.
(D) Duration of exemption.—
(i) In general.— An exemption granted under subparagraph (B) shall expire not later than December 31, 2028, and may not be renewed beyond that date.
(ii) Early termination.— The Secretary may terminate an exemption granted under subparagraph (B) prior to the expiration date of that exemption if the Secretary determines that the State agency—
(I) has failed to comply with the reporting requirements described in subparagraph (E); or
(II) based on the information provided pursuant to subparagraph (E), failed to make continued good faith efforts toward compliance with the requirements of this subsection.
(E) Reporting requirements.— A State agency granted an exemption under subparagraph (B) shall submit to the Secretary—
(i) quarterly progress reports on the status of the State agency in achieving the milestones toward full compliance described in subparagraph (C)(iii); and
(ii) information on specific risks or newly identified barriers or challenges to full compliance, including the plan of the State agency to mitigate those risks, barriers, or challenges.”.
(a) Standard utility allowance.— Section 5(e)(6)(C)(iv)(I) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(6)(C)(iv)(I)) is amended by inserting “with an elderly or disabled member” after “households”.
(b) Third-party energy assistance payments.— Section 5(k)(4) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(k)(4)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “without an elderly or disabled member” before “shall be”; and
(2) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “with an elderly or disabled member” before “under a State law”.
Section 5(e)(6) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014(e)(6)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(E) Restrictions on internet expenses.— Any service fee associated with internet connection shall not be used in computing the excess shelter expense deduction under this paragraph.”.
(a) In general.— Section 4(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(a)) is amended—
(1) by striking “(a) Subject to” and inserting the following:
“(a) Program.—
(1) Establishment.— Subject to”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) State quality control incentive.—
(A) Definition of payment error rate.— In this paragraph, the term “payment error rate” has the meaning given the term in section 16(c)(2).
(B) State cost share.—
(i) In general.— Subject to clause (iii), beginning in fiscal year 2028, if the payment error rate of a State as determined under clause (ii) is—
(I) less than 6 percent, the Federal share of the cost of the allotment described in paragraph (1) for that State in a fiscal year shall be 100 percent, and the State share shall be 0 percent;
(II) equal to or greater than 6 percent but less than 8 percent, the Federal share of the cost of the allotment described in paragraph (1) for that State in a fiscal year shall be 95 percent, and the State share shall be 5 percent;
(III) equal to or greater than 8 percent but less than 10 percent, the Federal share of the cost of the allotment described in paragraph (1) for that State in a fiscal year shall be 90 percent, and the State share shall be 10 percent; and
(IV) equal to or greater than 10 percent, the Federal share of the cost of the allotment described in paragraph (1) for that State in a fiscal year shall be 85 percent, and the State share shall be 15 percent.
(ii) Elections.—
(I) Fiscal year 2028.— For fiscal year 2028, to calculate the applicable State share under clause (i), a State may elect to use the payment error rate of the State from fiscal year 2025 or 2026.
(II) Fiscal year 2029 and thereafter.— For fiscal year 2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, to calculate the applicable State share under clause (i), the Secretary shall use the payment error rate of the State for the third fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the State share is being calculated.
(iii) Delayed implementation.—
(I) Fiscal year 2025.— If, for fiscal year 2025, the payment error rate of a State multiplied by 1.5 is equal to or above 20 percent, the implementation date under clause (i) for that State shall be fiscal year 2029.
(II) Fiscal year 2026.— If, for fiscal year 2026, the payment error rate of a State multiplied by 1.5 is equal to or above 20 percent, the implementation date under clause (i) for that State shall be fiscal year 2030.
(3) Maximum federal payment.— The Secretary may not pay towards the cost of an allotment described in paragraph (1) an amount that is greater than the applicable Federal share under paragraph (2).”.
(b) Limitation on authority.— Section 13(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2022(a)(1)) is amended in the first sentence by inserting “or the payment or disposition of a State share under section 4(a)(2)” after “16(c)(1)(D)(i)(II)”.
Section 16(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025(a)) is amended in the matter preceding paragraph (1) by striking “agency an amount equal to 50 per centum” and inserting “agency, through fiscal year 2026, 50 percent, and for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter, 25 percent,”.
Section 28(d)(1)(F) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036a(d)(1)(F)) is amended by striking “for fiscal year 2016 and each subsequent fiscal year” and inserting “for each of fiscal years 2016 through 2025”.
Section 6(f) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(f)) is amended to read as follows:
“(f) No individual who is a member of a household otherwise eligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program under this section shall be eligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program as a member of that or any other household unless he or she is—
(1) a resident of the United States; and
(2) either— The income (less, at State option, a pro rata share) and financial resources of the individual rendered ineligible to participate in the supplemental nutrition assistance program under this subsection shall be considered in determining the eligibility and the value of the allotment of the household of which such individual is a member.
(A) a citizen or national of the United States;
(B) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence as an immigrant as defined by sections 101(a)(15) and 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, excluding, among others, alien visitors, tourists, diplomats, and students who enter the United States temporarily with no intention of abandoning their residence in a foreign country;
(C) an alien who has been granted the status of Cuban and Haitian entrant, as defined in section 501(e) of the Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980 (Public Law 96–422); or
(D) an individual who lawfully resides in the United States in accordance with a Compact of Free Association referred to in section 402(b)(2)(G) of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996.”.
The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by the following provisions of Public Law 117–169 are rescinded:
(1) Paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 23001(a) (136 Stat. 2023).
(2) Paragraphs (1) through (4) of section 23002(a) (136 Stat. 2025).
(3) Section 23003(a)(2) (136 Stat. 2026).
(4) Section 23005 (136 Stat. 2027).
(a) Effective reference price.— Section 1111(8)(B)(ii) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011(8)(B)(ii)) is amended by striking “85” and inserting “beginning with the crop year 2025, 88”.
(b) Reference price.— Section 1111 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9011) is amended by striking paragraph (19) and inserting the following:
“(19) Reference price.—
(A) In general.— Effective beginning with the 2025 crop year, subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the term reference price, with respect to a covered commodity for a crop year, means the following:
(i) For wheat, $6.35 per bushel.
(ii) For corn, $4.10 per bushel.
(iii) For grain sorghum, $4.40 per bushel.
(iv) For barley, $5.45 per bushel.
(v) For oats, $2.65 per bushel.
(vi) For long grain rice, $16.90 per hundredweight.
(vii) For medium grain rice, $16.90 per hundredweight.
(viii) For soybeans, $10.00 per bushel.
(ix) For other oilseeds, $23.75 per hundredweight.
(x) For peanuts, $630.00 per ton.
(xi) For dry peas, $13.10 per hundredweight.
(xii) For lentils, $23.75 per hundredweight.
(xiii) For small chickpeas, $22.65 per hundredweight.
(xiv) For large chickpeas, $25.65 per hundredweight.
(xv) For seed cotton, $0.42 per pound.
(B) Effectiveness.— Effective beginning with the 2031 crop year, the reference prices defined in subparagraph (A) with respect to a covered commodity shall equal the reference price in the previous crop year multiplied by 1.005.
(C) Limitation.— In no case shall a reference price for a covered commodity exceed 113 percent of the reference price for such covered commodity listed in subparagraph (A).”.
Section 1112 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9012) is amended—
(1) in subsection (d)(3)(A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(e) Additional base acres.—
(1) In general.— As soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this subsection, and notwithstanding subsection (a), the Secretary shall provide notice to owners of eligible farms pursuant to paragraph (3) and allocate to those eligible farms a total of not more than an additional 30,000,000 base acres in the manner provided in this subsection. An owner of a farm that is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres may elect to not receive that allocation by notifying the Secretary not later than 90 days after receipt of the notice provided by the Secretary under this paragraph.
(2) Content of notice.— The notice under paragraph (1) shall include the following:
(A) Information that the allocation is occurring.
(B) Information regarding the eligibility of the farm for an allocation of base acres under paragraph (3).
(C) Information regarding how an owner may appeal a determination of ineligibility for an allocation of base acres under paragraph (3) through an appeals process established by the Secretary.
(3) Eligibility.—
(A) In general.— Subject to subparagraph (D), effective beginning with the 2026 crop year, a farm is eligible to receive an allocation of base acres if, with respect to the farm, the amount described in subparagraph (B) exceeds the amount described in subparagraph (C).
(B) 5-year average sum.— The amount described in this subparagraph, with respect to a farm, is the sum of—
(i) the 5-year average of—
(I) the acreage planted on the farm to all covered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and
(II) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; plus
(ii) the lesser of—
(I) 15 percent of the total acres on the farm; and
(II) the 5-year average of—
(aa) the acreage planted on the farm to eligible noncovered commodities for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and
(bb) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to eligible noncovered commodities because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary.
(C) Total number of base acres for covered commodities.— The amount described in this subparagraph, with respect to a farm, is the total number of base acres for covered commodities on the farm (excluding unassigned crop base), as in effect on September 30, 2024.
(D) Effect of no recent plantings of covered commodities.— In the case of a farm for which the amount determined under clause (i) of subparagraph (B) is equal to zero, that farm shall be ineligible to receive an allocation of base acres under this subsection.
(E) Acreage planted on the farm to eligible noncovered commodities defined.— In this paragraph, the term acreage planted on the farm to eligible noncovered commodities means acreage planted on a farm to commodities other than covered commodities, trees, bushes, vines, grass, or pasture (including cropland that was idle or fallow), as determined by the Secretary.
(4) Number of base acres.— Subject to paragraphs (3) and (8), the number of base acres allocated to an eligible farm shall—
(A) be equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the amount determined under subparagraph (C) of paragraph (3) from the amount determined under subparagraph (B) of that paragraph; and
(B) include unassigned crop base.
(5) Allocation of acres.—
(A) Allocation.— The Secretary shall allocate the number of base acres under paragraph (4) among those covered commodities planted on the farm at any time during the 2019 through 2023 crop years.
(B) Allocation formula.— The allocation of additional base acres for covered commodities shall be in proportion to the ratio of—
(i) the 5-year average of—
(I) the acreage planted on the farm to each covered commodity for harvest, grazing, haying, silage, or other similar purposes for the 2019 through 2023 crop years; and
(II) any acreage on the farm that the producers were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to that covered commodity because of drought, flood, or other natural disaster, or other condition beyond the control of the producers, as determined by the Secretary; to
(ii) the 5-year average determined under paragraph (3)(B)(i).
(C) Inclusion of all 5 years in average.— For the purpose of determining a 5-year acreage average under subparagraph (B) for a farm, the Secretary shall not exclude any crop year in which a covered commodity was not planted.
(D) Treatment of multiple planting or prevented planting.— For the purpose of determining under subparagraph (B) the acreage on a farm that producers planted or were prevented from planting during the 2019 through 2023 crop years to covered commodities, if the acreage that was planted or prevented from being planted was devoted to another covered commodity in the same crop year (other than a covered commodity produced under an established practice of double cropping), the owner may elect the covered commodity to be used for that crop year in determining the 5-year average, but may not include both the initial covered commodity and the subsequent covered commodity.
(E) Limitation.— The allocation of additional base acres among covered commodities on a farm under this paragraph may not result in a total number of base acres for the farm in excess of the total number of acres on the farm.
(6) Reduction by the Secretary.— In carrying out this subsection, if the total number of eligible acres allocated to base acres across all farms in the United States under this subsection would exceed 30,000,000 acres, the Secretary shall apply an across-the-board, pro-rata reduction to the number of eligible acres to ensure the number of allocated base acres under this subsection is equal to 30,000,000 acres.
(7) Payment yield.— Beginning with crop year 2026, for the purpose of making price loss coverage payments under section 1116, the Secretary shall establish payment yields to base acres allocated under this subsection equal to—
(A) the payment yield established on the farm for the applicable covered commodity; and
(B) if no such payment yield for the applicable covered commodity exists, a payment yield—
(i) equal to the average payment yield for the covered commodity for the county in which the farm is situated; or
(ii) determined pursuant to section 1113(c).
(8) Treatment of new owners.— In the case of a farm for which the owner on the date of enactment of this subsection was not the owner for the 2019 through 2023 crop years, the Secretary shall use the planting history of the prior owner or owners of that farm for purposes of determining—
(A) eligibility under paragraph (3);
(B) eligible acres under paragraph (4); and
(C) the allocation of acres under paragraph (5).”.
(a) In general.— Section 1115 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9015) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”;
(2) in subsection (c)—
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)—
(i) by striking “crop year or” and inserting “crop year,”; and
(ii) by inserting “or the 2026 crop year,” after “2019 crop year,”;
(B) in paragraph (1)—
(i) by striking “crop year or” and inserting “crop year,”; and
(ii) by inserting “or the 2026 crop year,” after “2019 crop year,”; and
(C) in paragraph (2)—
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and” at the end;
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) the same coverage for each covered commodity on the farm for the 2027 through 2031 crop years as was applicable for the 2025 crop year.”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(i) Higher of price loss coverage payments and agriculture risk coverage payments.— For the 2025 crop year, the Secretary shall, on a covered commodity-by-covered commodity basis, make the higher of price loss coverage payments under section 1116 and agriculture risk coverage county coverage payments under section 1117 to the producers on a farm for the payment acres for each covered commodity on the farm.”.
(b) Federal crop insurance supplemental coverage option.— Section 508(c)(4)(C)(iv) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)(C)(iv)) is amended by striking “Crops for which the producer has elected under section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 to receive agriculture risk coverage and acres” and inserting “Acres” .
Section 1116 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9016) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)(2), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”;
(2) in subsection (c)(1)(B)—
(A) in the subparagraph heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”; and
(B) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”;
(3) in subsection (d), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2025” and inserting “2031”; and
(4) in subsection (g)—
(A) by striking “subparagraph (F) of section 1111(19)” and inserting “paragraph (19)(A)(vi) of section 1111”; and
(B) by striking “2012 through 2016” each place it appears and inserting “2017 through 2021”.
Section 1117 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9017) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”;
(2) in subsection (c)—
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting “for each of the 2014 through 2024 crop years and 90 percent of the benchmark revenue for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years” before the period at the end;
(B) by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2031”; and
(C) in paragraph (4)(B), in the subparagraph heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”;
(3) in subsection (d)(1), by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting the following:
“(B)
(i) for each of the 2014 through 2024 crop years, 10 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c); and
(ii) for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years, 12 percent of the benchmark revenue for the crop year applicable under subsection (c).”; and
(4) in subsections (e), (g)(5), and (i)(5), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2031”.
(a) In general.— Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following:
“(5) Qualified pass-through entity.— The term qualified pass-through entity means—
(A) a partnership (within the meaning of subchapter K of chapter 1 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986);
(B) an S corporation (as defined in section 1361 of that Code);
(C) a limited liability company that does not affirmatively elect to be treated as a corporation; and
(D) a joint venture or general partnership.”;
(2) in subsections (b) and (c), by striking “except a joint venture or general partnership” each place it appears and inserting “except a qualified pass-through entity”; and
(3) in subsection (d), by striking “subtitle B of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 or”.
(b) Attribution of payments.— Section 1001(e)(3)(B)(ii) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308(e)(3)(B)(ii)) is amended—
(1) in the clause heading, by striking “joint ventures and general partnerships” and inserting “qualified pass-through entities”;
(2) by striking “a joint venture or a general partnership” and inserting “a qualified pass-through entity”;
(3) by striking “joint ventures and general partnerships” and inserting “qualified pass-through entities”; and
(4) by striking “the joint venture or general partnership” and inserting “the qualified pass-through entity”.
(c) Persons actively engaged in farming.— Section 1001A(b)(2) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–1(b)(2)) is amended—
(1) subparagraphs (A) and (B), by striking “a general partnership, a participant in a joint venture” each place it appears and inserting “a qualified pass-through entity”; and
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking “a general partnership, joint venture, or similar entity” and inserting “a qualified pass-through entity or a similar entity”.
(d) Joint and several liability.— Section 1001B(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–2(d)) is amended by striking “partnerships and joint ventures” and inserting “qualified pass-through entities”.
(e) Exclusion from AGI calculation.— Section 1001D(d) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(d)) is amended by striking “, general partnership, or joint venture” each place it appears.
Section 1001 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(A) by striking “The” and inserting “Subject to subsection (i), the”; and
(B) by striking “$125,000” and inserting “$155,000”;
(2) in subsection (c)—
(A) by striking “The” and inserting “Subject to subsection (i), the”; and
(B) by striking “$125,000” and inserting “$155,000”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(i) Adjustment.— For the 2025 crop year and each crop year thereafter, the Secretary shall annually adjust the amounts described in subsections (b) and (c) for inflation based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.”.
Section 1001D(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 1308–3a(b)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “paragraph (3)” and inserting “paragraphs (3) and (4)”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(4) Exception for certain operations.—
(A) Definitions.— In this paragraph:
(i) Excepted payment or benefit.— The term excepted payment or benefit means—
(I) a payment or benefit under subtitle E of title I of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081 et seq.);
(II) a payment or benefit under section 196 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7333); and
(III) a payment or benefit described in paragraph (2)(C) received on or after October 1, 2024.
(ii) Farming, ranching, or silviculture activities.— The term farming, ranching, or silviculture activities includes agri-tourism, direct-to-consumer marketing of agricultural products, the sale of agricultural equipment owned by the person or legal entity, and other agriculture-related activities, as determined by the Secretary.
(B) Exception.— In the case of an excepted payment or benefit, the limitation established by paragraph (1) shall not apply to a person or legal entity during a crop, fiscal, or program year, as appropriate, if greater than or equal to 75 percent of the average gross income of the person or legal entity derives from farming, ranching, or silviculture activities.”.
(a) Availability of nonrecourse marketing assistance loans for loan commodities.— Section 1201(b)(1) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9031(b)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”.
(b) Loan rates for nonrecourse marketing assistance loans.— Section 1202 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9032) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “2023” and inserting “2025”; and
(B) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2025”;
(2) by redesignating subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively;
(3) by inserting after subsection (b) the following:
“(c) 2026 through 2031 crop years.— For purposes of each of the 2026 through 2031 crop years, the loan rate for a marketing assistance loan under section 1201 for a loan commodity shall be equal to the following:
(1) In the case of wheat, $3.72 per bushel.
(2) In the case of corn, $2.42 per bushel.
(3) In the case of grain sorghum, $2.42 per bushel.
(4) In the case of barley, $2.75 per bushel.
(5) In the case of oats, $2.20 per bushel.
(6) In the case of upland cotton, $0.55 per pound.
(7) In the case of extra long staple cotton, $1.00 per pound.
(8) In the case of long grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight.
(9) In the case of medium grain rice, $7.70 per hundredweight.
(10) In the case of soybeans, $6.82 per bushel.
(11) In the case of other oilseeds, $11.10 per hundredweight for each of the following kinds of oilseeds:
(A) Sunflower seed.
(B) Rapeseed.
(C) Canola.
(D) Safflower.
(E) Flaxseed.
(F) Mustard seed.
(G) Crambe.
(H) Sesame seed.
(I) Other oilseeds designated by the Secretary.
(12) In the case of dry peas, $6.87 per hundredweight.
(13) In the case of lentils, $14.30 per hundredweight.
(14) In the case of small chickpeas, $11.00 per hundredweight.
(15) In the case of large chickpeas, $15.40 per hundredweight.
(16) In the case of graded wool, $1.60 per pound.
(17) In the case of nongraded wool, $0.55 per pound.
(18) In the case of mohair, $5.00 per pound.
(19) In the case of honey, $1.50 per pound.
(20) In the case of peanuts, $390 per ton.”;
(4) in subsection (d) (as so redesignated), by striking “(a)(11) and (b)(11)” and inserting “(a)(11), (b)(11), and (c)(11)”; and
(5) in subsection (e) (as so redesignated), in paragraph (1), by striking “$0.25” and inserting “$0.30”.
(c) Payment of cotton storage costs.— Section 1204(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034(g)) is amended—
(1) by striking “Effective” and inserting the following:
“(1) Crop years 2014 through 2025.— Effective”;
(2) in paragraph (1) (as so designated), by striking “2023” and inserting “2025”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) Payment of cotton storage costs.— Effective for each of the 2026 through 2031 crop years, the Secretary shall make cotton storage payments for upland cotton and extra long staple cotton available in the same manner as the Secretary provided storage payments for the 2006 crop of upland cotton, except that the payment rate shall be equal to the lesser of—
(A) the submitted storage charge for the current marketing year; and
(B) in the case of storage in—
(i) California or Arizona, a payment rate of $4.90; and
(ii) any other State, a payment rate of $3.00.”.
(d) Loan deficiency payments.—
(1) Continuation.— Section 1205(a)(2)(B) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9035(a)(2)(B)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”.
(2) Payments in lieu of LDPs.— Section 1206 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9036) is amended, in subsections (a) and (d), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2031”.
(e) Special competitive provisions for extra long staple cotton.— Section 1208(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9038(a)) is amended, in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2026” and inserting “2032”.
(f) Availability of recourse loans.— Section 1209 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9039) is amended, in subsections (a)(2), (b), and (c), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2031”.
Section 1204 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9034) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b)—
(A) by redesignating paragraph (1) as subparagraph (A) and indenting appropriately;
(B) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking “The Secretary” and inserting the following:
“(1) In general.— The Secretary”; and
(C) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
“(B)
(i) in the case of long grain rice and medium grain rice, the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section; or
(ii) in the case of upland cotton, the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section.
(2) Refund for upland cotton.— In the case of a repayment for a marketing assistance loan for upland cotton at a rate described in paragraph (1)(B)(ii), the Secretary shall provide to the producer a refund (if any) in an amount equal to the difference between the lowest prevailing world market price, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section, during the 30-day period following the date on which the producer repays the marketing assistance loan and the repayment rate.”;
(2) in subsection (c)—
(A) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”;
(B) by striking “at the loan rate” and inserting the following: "at a rate that is the lesser of—
“(1) the loan rate”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) the prevailing world market price for the commodity, as determined and adjusted by the Secretary in accordance with this section.”;
(3) in subsection (d)—
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and medium grain rice” and inserting “medium grain rice, and extra long staple cotton”;
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively, and indenting appropriately;
(C) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) (as so redesignated), by striking “For purposes” and inserting the following:
“(1) In general.— For purposes”; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
“(2) Upland cotton.— In the case of upland cotton, for any period when price quotations for Middling (M) 13/32-inch cotton are available, the formula under paragraph (1)(A) shall be based on the average of the 3 lowest-priced growths that are quoted.”; and
(4) in subsection (e)—
(A) in the subsection heading, by inserting “extra long staple cotton,” after “Upland cotton,”;
(B) in paragraph (2)—
(i) in the paragraph heading, by inserting “Upland” before “Cotton”; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “2024” and inserting “2032”;
(C) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and
(D) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
“(3) Extra long staple cotton.— The prevailing world market price for extra long staple cotton determined under subsection (d)—
(A) shall be adjusted to United States quality and location, with the adjustment to include the average costs to market the commodity, including average transportation costs, as determined by the Secretary; and
(B) may be further adjusted, during the period beginning on the date of enactment of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14” (119th Congress) and ending on July 31, 2032, if the Secretary determines the adjustment is necessary—
(i) to minimize potential loan forfeitures;
(ii) to minimize the accumulation of stocks of extra long staple cotton by the Federal Government;
(iii) to ensure that extra long staple cotton produced in the United States can be marketed freely and competitively; and
(iv) to ensure an appropriate transition between current-crop and forward-crop price quotations, except that the Secretary may use forward-crop price quotations prior to July 31 of a marketing year only if—
(I) there are insufficient current-crop price quotations; and
(II) the forward-crop price quotation is the lowest such quotation available.”.
Section 1207(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9037(c)) is amended by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
“(2) Value of assistance.— The value of the assistance provided under paragraph (1) shall be—
(A) for the period beginning on August 1, 2013, and ending on July 31, 2025, 3 cents per pound; and
(B) beginning on August 1, 2025, 5 cents per pound.”.
(a) Loan rate modifications.— Section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272) is amended—
(1) in subsection (a)—
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking “2023 crop years.” and inserting “2024 crop years; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(6) 24.00 cents per pound for raw cane sugar for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years.”;
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023 crop years.” and inserting “2024 crop years; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(3) a rate that is equal to 136.55 percent of the loan rate per pound of raw cane sugar under subsection (a)(6) for each of the 2025 through 2031 crop years.”; and
(3) in subsection (i), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”.
(b) Adjustments to Commodity Credit Corporation storage rates.— Section 167 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7287) is amended—
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
“(a) In general.— For the 2025 crop year and each subsequent crop year, the Commodity Credit Corporation shall establish rates for the storage of forfeited sugar in an amount that is not less than—
(1) in the case of refined sugar, 34 cents per hundredweight per month; and
(2) in the case of raw cane sugar, 27 cents per hundredweight per month.”; and
(2) in subsection (b)—
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “Subsequent” and inserting “Prior”; and
(B) by striking “and subsequent” and inserting “through 2024”.
(c) Modernizing beet sugar allotments.—
(1) Sugar estimates.— Section 359b(a)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359bb(a)(1)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”.
(2) Allocation to processors.— Section 359c(g)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359cc(g)(2)) is amended—
(A) by striking “In the case” and inserting the following:
“(A) In general.— Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in the case”; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
“(B) Exception.— If the Secretary makes an upward adjustment under paragraph (1)(A), in adjusting allocations among beet sugar processors, the Secretary shall give priority to beet sugar processors with available sugar.”.
(3) Timing of reassignment.— Section 359e(b)(2) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ee(b)(2)) is amended—
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (C) as clauses (i) through (iii), respectively, and indenting appropriately;
(B) in the matter preceding clause (i) (as so redesignated), by striking “If the Secretary” and inserting the following:
“(A) In general.— If the Secretary”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(B) Timing.— In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall—
(i) make an initial determination based on the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates approved by the World Agricultural Outlook Board for January that shall be applicable to the crop year for which allotments are required; and
(ii) provide for an initial reassignment under subparagraph (A)(i) not later than 30 days after the date on which the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates described in clause (i) is released.”.
(d) Reallocations of tariff-rate quota shortfall.— Section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(c) Reallocation.—
(1) Initial reallocation.— Subject to paragraph (3), following the establishment of the tariff-rate quotas under subsection (a) for a quota year, the Secretary shall—
(A) determine which countries do not intend to fulfill their allocation for the quota year; and
(B) reallocate any forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas as soon as practicable.
(2) Subsequent reallocation.— Subject to paragraph (3), not later than March 1 of a quota year, the Secretary shall reallocate any additional forecasted shortfall in the fulfillment of the tariff-rate quotas for raw cane sugar established under subsection (a)(1) for that quota year.
(3) Cessation of effectiveness.— Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall cease to be in effect if—
(A) the Agreement Suspending the Countervailing Duty Investigation on Sugar from Mexico, signed December 19, 2014, is terminated; and
(B) no countervailing duty order under subtitle A of title VII of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1671 et seq.) is in effect with respect to sugar from Mexico.
(d) Refined sugar.—
(1) Definition of domestic sugar industry.— In this subsection, the term domestic sugar industry means domestic—
(A) sugar beet producers and processors;
(B) producers and processors of sugar cane; and
(C) refiners of raw cane sugar.
(2) Study required.—
(A) In general.— Not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall conduct a study on whether the establishment of additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports is necessary and appropriate.
(B) Elements.— In conducting the study under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall examine the following:
(i) The need for—
(I) defining “refined sugar” as having a minimum polarization of 99.8 degrees or higher;
(II) establishing a standard for color- or reflectance-based units for refined sugar such as those utilized by the International Commission of Uniform Methods of Sugar Analysis;
(III) prescribing specifications for packaging type for refined sugar;
(IV) prescribing specifications for transportation modes for refined sugar;
(V) requiring evidence that sugar imported as refined sugar will not undergo further refining in the United States;
(VI) prescribing appropriate terms and conditions to avoid unlawful sugar imports; and
(VII) establishing other definitions, terms and conditions, or other requirements.
(ii) The potential impact of modifications described in each of subclauses (I) through (VII) of clause (i) on the domestic sugar industry.
(iii) Whether, based on the needs described in clause (i) and the impact described in clause (ii), the establishment of additional terms and conditions is appropriate.
(C) Consultation.— In conducting the study under subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall consult with representatives of the domestic sugar industry and users of refined sugar.
(D) Report.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall submit to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate a report that describes the findings of the study conducted under subparagraph (A).
(3) Establishment of additional terms and conditions permitted.—
(A) In general.— Based on the findings in the report submitted under paragraph (2)(D), and after providing notice to the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate, the Secretary may issue regulations in accordance with subparagraph (B) to establish additional terms and conditions with respect to refined sugar imports that are necessary and appropriate.
(B) Promulgation of regulations.— The Secretary may issue regulations under subparagraph (A) if the regulations—
(i) do not have an adverse impact on the domestic sugar industry; and
(ii) are consistent with the requirements of this part, section 156 of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (7 U.S.C. 7272), and obligations under international trade agreements that have been approved by Congress.”.
(e) Clarification of tariff-rate quota adjustments.— Section 359k(b)(1) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk(b)(1)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “if there is an” and inserting “for the sole purpose of responding directly to an”.
(f) Period of effectiveness.— Section 359l(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359ll(a)) is amended by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”.
(a) Dairy margin coverage production history.—
(1) Definition.— Section 1401(8) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9051(8)) is amended by striking “when the participating dairy operation first registers to participate in dairy margin coverage”.
(2) Production history of participating dairy operations.— Section 1405 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9055) is amended by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the following:
“(a) Production history.— Except as provided in subsection (b), the production history of a dairy operation for dairy margin coverage is equal to the highest annual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation during any 1 of the 2021, 2022, or 2023 calendar years.
(b) Election by new dairy operations.— In the case of a participating dairy operation that has been in operation for less than a year, the participating dairy operation shall elect 1 of the following methods for the Secretary to determine the production history of the participating dairy operation:
(1) The volume of the actual milk marketings for the months the participating dairy operation has been in operation extrapolated to a yearly amount.
(2) An estimate of the actual milk marketings of the participating dairy operation based on the herd size of the participating dairy operation relative to the national rolling herd average data published by the Secretary.”.
(b) Dairy margin coverage payments.— Section 1406(a)(1)(C) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9056(a)(1)(C)) is amended by striking “5,000,000” each place it appears and inserting “6,000,000”.
(c) Premiums for dairy margins.—
(1) Tier i.— Section 1407(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(b)) is amended—
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”; and
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”.
(2) Tier ii.— Section 1407(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(c)) is amended—
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”; and
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking “5,000,000” and inserting “6,000,000”.
(3) Premium discounts.— Section 1407(g) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9057(g)) is amended—
(A) in paragraph (1)—
(i) by striking “2019 through 2023” and inserting “2026 through 2031”; and
(ii) by striking “January 2019” and inserting “January 2026”; and
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking “2023” each place it appears and inserting “2031”.
(d) Duration.— Section 1409 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9059) is amended by striking “2025” and inserting “2031”.
Section 1614(c) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9097(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(5) Further funding.— The Secretary shall make available to carry out subtitle C of title I of the Act entitled “An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14” (119th Congress) and the amendments made by that subtitle $50,000,000, to remain available until expended, of which—
(A) not less than $5,000,000 shall be used to carry out paragraphs (3) and (4) of subsection (b);
(B) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(A);
(C) $3,000,000 shall be used for activities described in paragraph (3)(B);
(D) $9,000,000 shall be used—
(i) to carry out mandatory surveys of dairy production cost and product yield information to be reported by manufacturers required to report under section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b), for all products processed in the same facility or facilities; and
(ii) to publish the results of such surveys biennially; and
(E) $1,000,000 shall be used to conduct the study under subsection (d) of section 359k of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 (7 U.S.C. 1359kk).”.
(a) Livestock indemnity payments.— Section 1501(b) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(b)) is amended—
(1) by striking paragraph (2) and inserting the following:
“(2) Payment rates.—
(A) Losses due to predation.— Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under paragraph (1)(A) shall be made at a rate of 100 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.
(B) Losses due to adverse weather or disease.— Indemnity payments to an eligible producer on a farm under subparagraph (B) or (C) of paragraph (1) shall be made at a rate of 75 percent of the market value of the affected livestock on the applicable date, as determined by the Secretary.
(C) Determination of market value.— In determining the market value described in subparagraphs (A) and (B), the Secretary may consider the ability of eligible producers to document regional price premiums for affected livestock that exceed the national average market price for those livestock.
(D) Applicable date defined.— In this paragraph, the term applicable date means, with respect to livestock, as applicable—
(i) the day before the date of death of the livestock; or
(ii) the day before the date of the event that caused the harm to the livestock that resulted in a reduced sale price.”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(5) Additional payment for unborn livestock.—
(A) In general.— In the case of unborn livestock death losses incurred on or after January 1, 2024, the Secretary shall make an additional payment to eligible producers on farms that have incurred such losses in excess of the normal mortality due to a condition specified in paragraph (1).
(B) Payment rate.— Additional payments under subparagraph (A) shall be made at a rate—
(i) determined by the Secretary; and
(ii) less than or equal to 85 percent of the payment rate established with respect to the lowest weight class of the livestock, as determined by the Secretary, acting through the Administrator of the Farm Service Agency.
(C) Payment amount.— The amount of a payment to an eligible producer that has incurred unborn livestock death losses shall be equal to the payment rate determined under subparagraph (B) multiplied, in the case of livestock described in—
(i) subparagraph (A), (B), or (F) of subsection (a)(4), by 1;
(ii) subparagraph (D) of such subsection, by 2;
(iii) subparagraph (E) of such subsection, by 12; and
(iv) subparagraph (G) of such subsection, by the average number of birthed animals (for one gestation cycle) for the species of each such livestock, as determined by the Secretary.
(D) Unborn livestock death losses defined.— In this paragraph, the term unborn livestock death losses means losses of any livestock described in subparagraph (A), (B), (D), (E), (F), or (G) of subsection (a)(4) that was gestating on the date of the death of the livestock.”.
(b) Livestock forage disaster program.— Section 1501(c)(3)(D)(ii)(I) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(c)(3)(D)(ii)(I)) is amended—
(1) by striking “1 monthly payment” and inserting “2 monthly payments”; and
(2) by striking “county for at least 8 consecutive” and inserting the following: "county for not less than—
“(aa) 4 consecutive weeks during the normal grazing period for the county, as determined by the Secretary, shall be eligible to receive assistance under this paragraph in an amount equal to 1 monthly payment using the monthly payment rate determined under subparagraph (B); or
(bb) 7 of the previous 8 consecutive”.
(c) Emergency assistance for livestock, honey bees, and farm-raised fish.—
(1) In general.— Section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(5) Assistance for losses due to bird depredation.—
(A) Definition of farm-raised fish.— In this paragraph, the term farm-raised fish means fish propagated and reared in a controlled fresh water environment.
(B) Payments.— Eligible producers of farm-raised fish, including fish grown as food for human consumption, shall be eligible to receive payments under this subsection to aid in the reduction of losses due to piscivorous birds.
(C) Payment rate.—
(i) In general.— The payment rate for payments under subparagraph (B) shall be determined by the Secretary, taking into account—
(I) costs associated with the deterrence of piscivorous birds;
(II) the value of lost fish and revenue due to bird depredation; and
(III) costs associated with disease loss from bird depredation.
(ii) Minimum rate.— The payment rate for payments under subparagraph (B) shall be not less than $600 per acre of farm-raised fish.
(D) Payment amount.— The amount of a payment under subparagraph (B) shall be the product obtained by multiplying—
(i) the applicable payment rate under subparagraph (C); and
(ii) 85 percent of the total number of acres of farm-raised fish farms that the eligible producer has in production for the calendar year.”.
(2) Emergency assistance for honeybees.— In determining honeybee colony losses eligible for assistance under section 1501(d) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(d)), the Secretary shall utilize a normal mortality rate of 15 percent.
(d) Tree assistance program.— Section 1501(e) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 9081(e)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “15 percent (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”; and
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i), by striking “15 percent mortality (adjusted for normal mortality)” and inserting “normal mortality”; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)—
(i) by striking “50” and inserting “65”; and
(ii) by striking “15 percent damage or mortality (adjusted for normal tree damage and mortality)” and inserting “normal tree damage or mortality”.
(a) Definitions.—
(1) In general.— Section 502(b)(3) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1502(b)(3)) is amended by striking “5” and inserting “10”.
(2) Conforming amendment.— Section 522(c)(7) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1522(c)(7)) is amended by striking subparagraph (F).
(b) Increase in assistance.— Section 508(e) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(9) Additional support.—
(A) In general.— In addition to any other provision of this subsection (except paragraph (2)(A)) regarding payment of a portion of premiums, a beginning farmer or rancher shall receive additional premium assistance that is the number of percentage points specified in subparagraph (B) greater than the premium assistance that would otherwise be available for the applicable policy, plan of insurance, and coverage level selected by the beginning farmer or rancher.
(B) Percentage points adjustments.— The percentage points referred to in subparagraph (A) are the following:
(i) For each of the first and second reinsurance years that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 5 percentage points.
(ii) For the third reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 3 percentage points.
(iii) For the fourth reinsurance year that a beginning farmer or rancher participates as a beginning farmer or rancher in the applicable policy or plan of insurance, 1 percentage point.”.
(a) Coverage level.— Section 508(c)(4) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(c)(4)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking clause (ii) and inserting the following:
“(ii) may be purchased at any level not to exceed—
(I) in the case of the individual yield or revenue coverage, 85 percent;
(II) in the case of individual yield or revenue coverage aggregated across multiple commodities, 90 percent; and
(III) in the case of area yield or revenue coverage (as determined by the Corporation), 95 percent.”; and
(2) in subparagraph (C)—
(A) in clause (ii), by striking “14” and inserting “10”; and
(B) in clause (iii)(I), by striking “86” and inserting “90”.
(b) Premium subsidy.— Section 508(e)(2)(H)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)(H)(i)) is amended by striking “65” and inserting “80”.
Section 508(k) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(k)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(10) Additional expenses.—
(A) In general.— Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, and for each reinsurance year thereafter, in addition to the terms and conditions of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement, to cover additional expenses for loss adjustment procedures, the Corporation shall pay an additional administrative and operating expense subsidy to approved insurance providers for eligible contracts.
(B) Payment amount.— In the case of an eligible contract, the payment to an approved insurance provider required under subparagraph (A) shall be the amount equal to 6 percent of the net book premium.
(C) Definitions.— In this paragraph:
(i) Eligible contract.— The term eligible contract—
(I) means a crop insurance contract entered into by an approved insurance provider in an eligible State; and
(II) does not include a contract for—
(aa) catastrophic risk protection under subsection (b);
(bb) an area-based plan of insurance or similar plan of insurance, as determined by the Corporation; or
(cc) a policy under which an approved insurance provider does not incur loss adjustment expenses, as determined by the Corporation.
(ii) Eligible State.— The term eligible State means a State in which, with respect to an insurance year, the loss ratio for eligible contracts is greater than 120 percent of the total net book premium written by all approved insurance providers.
(11) Specialty crops.—
(A) Minimum reimbursement.— Beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, and for each reinsurance year thereafter, the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers and agents for administrative and operating expenses with respect to crop insurance contracts covering agricultural commodities described in section 101 of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108–465) shall be equal to or greater than the percentage that is the greater of the following:
(i) 17 percent of the premium used to define loss ratio.
(ii) The percent of the premium used to define loss ratio that is otherwise applicable for the reinsurance year under the terms of the Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year.
(B) Other contracts.— In carrying out subparagraph (A), the Corporation shall not reduce, with respect to any reinsurance year, the amount or the rate of reimbursement to approved insurance providers and agents under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement described in clause (ii) of such subparagraph for administrative and operating expenses with respect to contracts covering agricultural commodities that are not subject to such subparagraph.
(C) Administration.— The requirements of this paragraph and the adjustments made pursuant to this paragraph shall not be considered a renegotiation under paragraph (8)(A).
(12) A&O inflation adjustment.—
(A) In general.— Subject to subparagraph (B), beginning with the 2026 reinsurance year, and for each reinsurance year thereafter, the Corporation shall increase the total administrative and operating expense reimbursements otherwise required under the Standard Reinsurance Agreement in effect for the reinsurance year in order to account for inflation, in a manner consistent with the increases provided with respect to the 2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure included in Risk Management Agency Bulletin numbered MGR–10–007 and dated June 30, 2010.
(B) Special rule for 2026 reinsurance year.— The increase under subparagraph (A) for the 2026 reinsurance year shall not exceed the percentage change for the preceding reinsurance year included in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor.
(C) Administration.— An increase under subparagraph (A)—
(i) shall apply with respect to all contracts covering agricultural commodities that were subject to an increase during the period of the 2011 through 2015 reinsurance years under the enclosure referred to in that subparagraph; and
(ii) shall not be considered a renegotiation under paragraph (8)(A).”.
Section 508(e)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1508(e)(2)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (C)(i), by striking “64” and inserting “69”;
(2) in subparagraph (D)(i), by striking “59” and inserting “64”;
(3) in subparagraph (E)(i), by striking “55” and inserting “60”;
(4) in subparagraph (F)(i), by striking “48” and inserting “51”; and
(5) in subparagraph (G)(i), by striking “38” and inserting “41”.
Section 515(l)(2) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1515(l)(2)) is amended by striking “than” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting the following: “than—
“(A) $4,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2025; and
(B) $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent fiscal year.”.
Section 516(b)(2)(C)(i) of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1516(b)(2)(C)(i)) is amended, in the matter preceding subclause (I), by striking “for each fiscal year” and inserting “for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2025 and $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter”.
Section 523 of the Federal Crop Insurance Act (7 U.S.C. 1523) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(j) Poultry insurance pilot program.—
(1) In general.— Notwithstanding subsection (a)(2), the Corporation shall establish a pilot program under which contract poultry growers, including growers of broilers and laying hens, may elect to receive index-based insurance from extreme weather-related risk resulting in increased utility costs (including costs of natural gas, propane, electricity, water, and other appropriate costs, as determined by the Corporation) associated with poultry production.
(2) Stakeholder engagement.— The Corporation shall engage with poultry industry stakeholders in establishing the pilot program under paragraph (1).
(3) Location.— The pilot program established under paragraph (1) shall be conducted in a sufficient number of counties to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the feasibility, effectiveness, and demand among producers in the top poultry producing States, as determined by the Corporation.
(4) Approval of policy or plan.— Notwithstanding section 508(l), the Board shall approve a policy or plan of insurance based on the pilot program under paragraph (1)—
(A) in accordance with section 508(h); and
(B) not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection.”.
(a) In general.— Section 1241(a) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3841(a)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking subparagraphs (A) through (F) and inserting the following:
“(A) $625,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(B) $650,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(C) $675,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(D) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
(E) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
(F) $700,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.”; and
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking clauses (i) through (v) and inserting the following:
“(i) $2,655,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(ii) $2,855,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(iii) $3,255,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(iv) $3,255,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
(v) $3,255,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
(vi) $3,255,000,000 for fiscal year 2031; and”; and
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking clauses (i) through (v) and inserting the following:
“(i) $1,300,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(ii) $1,325,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(iii) $1,350,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(iv) $1,375,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
(v) $1,375,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
(vi) $1,375,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.”.
(b) Regional conservation partnership program.— Section 1271D of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3871d) is amended by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following:
“(a) Availability of funding.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out the program, to the maximum extent practicable—
(1) $425,000,000 for fiscal year 2026;
(2) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2027;
(3) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2028;
(4) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2029;
(5) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2030; and
(6) $450,000,000 for fiscal year 2031.”.
(c) Grassroots source water protection program.— Section 1240O(b) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–2(b)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking “2023” and inserting “2031”; and
(2) in paragraph (3)—
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking “and” at the end;
(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) $1,000,000 beginning in fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended.”.
(d) Voluntary public access and habitat incentive program.— Section 1240R(f)(1) of the Food Security Act of 1985 (16 U.S.C. 3839bb–5(f)(1)) is amended—
(1) by striking “2023, and” and inserting “2023,”; and
(2) by inserting “, and $70,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2031” before the period at the end.
(e) Watershed protection and flood prevention.— Section 15 of the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act (16 U.S.C. 1012a) is amended by striking “$50,000,000 for fiscal year 2019 and each fiscal year thereafter” and inserting “$150,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter, to remain available until expended”.
(f) Feral swine eradication and control pilot program.— Section 2408(g)(1) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 8351 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended—
(1) by striking “2023 and” and inserting “2023,”; and
(2) by inserting “, and $105,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2025 through 2031” before the period at the end.
(g) Rescission.— The unobligated balances of amounts appropriated by section 21001(a) of Public Law 117–169 (136 Stat. 2015) are rescinded.
(a) In general.— The Secretary of Agriculture shall carry out a program to encourage the accessibility, development, maintenance, and expansion of commercial export markets for United States agricultural commodities.
(b) Funding.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture shall make available to carry out this section $285,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 and each fiscal year thereafter.
Section 203D(d)(5) of the Emergency Food Assistance Act of 1983 (7 U.S.C. 7507(d)(5)) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.
(a) Urban, indoor, and other emerging agricultural production research, education, and extension initiative.— Section 1672E(d)(1)(B) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5925g(d)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “fiscal year 2024, to remain available until expended” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2024 through 2031”.
(b) Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.— Section 7601(g)(1)(A) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 5939(g)(1)(A)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(iv) Further funding.— Not later than 30 days after the date of enactment of this clause, of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall transfer to the Foundation to carry out this section $37,000,000, to remain available until expended.”.
(c) Scholarships for students at 1890 Institutions.— Section 1446(b)(1) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3222a(b)(1)) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(C) Further funding.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended.”.
(d) Assistive technology program for farmers with disabilities.— Section 1680 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5933) is amended—
(1) in subsection (c)(2), by inserting “and subsection (d)” after “paragraph (1)”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(d) Mandatory funding.— Subject to subsection (c)(2), of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $8,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended.”.
(e) Specialty crop research initiative.— Section 412(k)(1)(B) of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (7 U.S.C. 7632(k)(1)(B)) is amended by striking “section $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2014” and inserting the following: “section—
“(i) $80,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2025; and
(ii) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2026”.
(f) Research Facilities Act.— Section 6 of the Research Facilities Act (7 U.S.C. 390d) is amended—
(1) in subsection (c), by striking “subsection (a)” and inserting “subsections (a) and (e)”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(e) Mandatory funding.— Subject to subsections (b), (c), and (d), of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out the competitive grant program under section 4 $125,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and each fiscal year thereafter.”.
Section 9005(g)(1)(F) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 8105(g)(1)(F)) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.
(a) Plant pest and disease management and disaster prevention.— Section 420(f) of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7721(f)) is amended—
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking “and” at the end;
(2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (7);
(3) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following:
“(6) $75,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2025; and”; and
(4) in paragraph (7) (as so redesignated), by striking “$75,000,000 for fiscal year 2018” and inserting “$90,000,000 for fiscal year 2026”.
(b) Specialty crop block grants.— Section 101(l)(1) of the Specialty Crops Competitiveness Act of 2004 (7 U.S.C. 1621 note; Public Law 108–465) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (D), by striking “and” at the end;
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (E) as subparagraph (F);
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the following:
“(E) $85,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2025; and”; and
(4) in subparagraph (F) (as so redesignated), by striking “$85,000,000 for fiscal year 2018” and inserting “$100,000,000 for fiscal year 2026”.
(c) Organic production and market data initiative.— Section 7407(d)(1) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 5925c(d)(1)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and” at the end;
(2) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and
(3) by adding at the end the following:
“(D) $10,000,000 for the period of fiscal years 2026 through 2031.”.
(d) Modernization and improvement of international trade technology systems and data collection.— Section 2123(c)(4) of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 6522(c)(4)) is amended, in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking “and $1,000,000 for fiscal year 2024” and inserting “, $1,000,000 for fiscal years 2024 and 2025, and $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2026”.
(e) National organic certification cost-share program.— Section 10606(d)(1)(C) of the Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002 (7 U.S.C. 6523(d)(1)(C)) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.
(f) Multiple crop and pesticide use survey.— Section 10109(c) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (Public Law 115–334; 132 Stat. 4907) is amended by adding at the end the following:
“(3) Further mandatory funding.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall use to carry out this section $5,000,000 for fiscal year 2026, to remain available until expended.”.
(a) Animal disease prevention and management.— Section 10409A(d)(1) of the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8308a(d)(1)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (B)—
(A) in the heading, by striking “Subsequent fiscal years” and inserting “Fiscal years 2023 through 2025”; and
(B) by striking “fiscal year 2023 and each fiscal year thereafter” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2023 through 2025”; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
“(C) Fiscal years 2026 through 2030.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $233,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030, of which—
(i) not less than $10,000,000 shall be made available for each such fiscal year to carry out subsection (a);
(ii) not less than $70,000,000 shall be made available for each such fiscal year to carry out subsection (b); and
(iii) not less than $153,000,000 shall be made available for each such fiscal year to carry out subsection (c).
(D) Subsequent fiscal years.— Of the funds of the Commodity Credit Corporation, the Secretary shall make available to carry out this section $75,000,000 for fiscal year 2031 and each fiscal year thereafter, of which not less than $45,000,000 shall be made available for each of those fiscal years to carry out subsection (b).”.
(b) Sheep production and marketing grant program.— Section 209(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1627a(c)) is amended—
(1) by striking “2019, and” and inserting “2019,”; and
(2) by inserting “and $3,000,000 for fiscal year 2026,” after “fiscal year 2024,”
(c) Pima Agriculture Cotton Trust Fund.— Section 12314 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 2101 note; Public Law 113–79) is amended—
(1) in subsection (b), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”; and
(2) in subsection (h), by striking “2024”and inserting “2031”.
(d) Agriculture Wool Apparel Manufacturers Trust Fund.— Section 12315 of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note; Public Law 113–79) is amended by striking “2024” each place it appears and inserting “2031”.
(e) Wool research and promotion.— Section 12316(a) of the Agricultural Act of 2014 (7 U.S.C. 7101 note; Public Law 113–79) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.
(f) Emergency Citrus Disease Research and Development Trust Fund.— Section 12605(d) of the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (7 U.S.C. 7632 note; Public Law 115–334) is amended by striking “2024” and inserting “2031”.
President · Jul 4, 2025
Became Public Law No: 119-21.